< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorьkъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Adjective
Declension
Indefinite declension of *gorьkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gorьkъ | *gorьka | *gorьko |
| Accusative | *gorьkъ | *gorьkǫ | *gorьko |
| Genitive | *gorьka | *gorьky | *gorьka |
| Locative | *gorьkě | *gorьkě | *gorьkě |
| Dative | *gorьku | *gorьkě | *gorьku |
| Instrumental | *gorьkomь | *gorьkojǫ | *gorьkomь |
| Vocative | *gorьke | *gorьko | *gorьko |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorьka | *gorьkě | *gorьkě |
| Accusative | *gorьka | *gorьkě | *gorьkě |
| Genitive | *gorьku | *gorьku | *gorьku |
| Locative | *gorьku | *gorьku | *gorьku |
| Dative | *gorьkoma | *gorьkama | *gorьkoma |
| Instrumental | *gorьkoma | *gorьkama | *gorьkoma |
| Vocative | *gorьka | *gorьkě | *gorьkě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorьki | *gorьky | *gorьka |
| Accusative | *gorьky | *gorьky | *gorьka |
| Genitive | *gorьkъ | *gorьkъ | *gorьkъ |
| Locative | *gorьkěxъ | *gorьkaxъ | *gorьkěxъ |
| Dative | *gorьkomъ | *gorьkamъ | *gorьkomъ |
| Instrumental | *gorьky | *gorьkami | *gorьky |
| Vocative | *gorьki | *gorьky | *gorьka |
Definite declension of *gorьkъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gorьkъjь | *gorьkaja | *gorьkoje |
| Accusative | *gorьkъjь | *gorьkǫjǫ | *gorьkoje |
| Genitive | *gorьkajego | *gorьkyję | *gorьkajego |
| Locative | *gorьkějemь | *gorьkěji | *gorьkějemь |
| Dative | *gorьkujemu | *gorьkěji | *gorьkujemu |
| Instrumental | *gorьkyjimi | *gorьkǫjǫ | *gorьkyjimi |
| Vocative | *gorьkъjь | *gorьkaja | *gorьkoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorьkaja | *gorьkěji | *gorьkěji |
| Accusative | *gorьkaja | *gorьkěji | *gorьkěji |
| Genitive | *gorьkuju | *gorьkuju | *gorьkuju |
| Locative | *gorьkuju | *gorьkuju | *gorьkuju |
| Dative | *gorьkyjima | *gorьkyjima | *gorьkyjima |
| Instrumental | *gorьkyjima | *gorьkyjima | *gorьkyjima |
| Vocative | *gorьkaja | *gorьkěji | *gorьkěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorьkiji | *gorьkyję | *gorьkaja |
| Accusative | *gorьkyję | *gorьkyję | *gorьkaja |
| Genitive | *gorьkъjixъ | *gorьkъjixъ | *gorьkъjixъ |
| Locative | *gorьkyjixъ | *gorьkyjixъ | *gorьkyjixъ |
| Dative | *gorьkyjimъ | *gorьkyjimъ | *gorьkyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *gorьkyjimi | *gorьkyjimi | *gorьkyjimi |
| Vocative | *gorьkiji | *gorьkyję | *gorьkaja |
Derived terms
- *gorьčica (“bitter appetizer”)
- *gorьčivъ (“bitter”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “го́рький”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorьkъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 55
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “горък”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 266
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gorьkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180: “adj. o (c) ‘bitter’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “gor(ъkъ)”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c bitter (PR 138)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “górek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “*gȍrьkъ”
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