< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gorazdъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Disputed. Traditionally speculated to be a Gothic borrowing[1], presumably from an unattested *ga- (“co-”) + *razdaz (“sound, melodic”), probably originally meaning “consonant, coherent”. If correct, then akin to Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (razda, “speech”). A problem with this hypothesis is that the expected proto-Slavic reflex of the proposed Germanic term should be **gorozdъ. Stender-Petersen alternatively proposes a native origin from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, to grasp, to craft”) + *-azdъ.
Declension
(probably) Accent paradigm B.
Indefinite declension of *gorazdъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gorazdъ | *gorazda | *gorazdo |
| Accusative | *gorazdъ | *gorazdǫ | *gorazdo |
| Genitive | *gorazda | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| Locative | *gorazdě | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| Dative | *gorazdu | *gorazdě | *gorazdu |
| Instrumental | *gorazdomь | *gorazdojǫ | *gorazdomь |
| Vocative | *gorazde | *gorazdo | *gorazdo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorazda | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| Accusative | *gorazda | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| Genitive | *gorazdu | *gorazdu | *gorazdu |
| Locative | *gorazdu | *gorazdu | *gorazdu |
| Dative | *gorazdoma | *gorazdama | *gorazdoma |
| Instrumental | *gorazdoma | *gorazdama | *gorazdoma |
| Vocative | *gorazda | *gorazdě | *gorazdě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorazdi | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| Accusative | *gorazdy | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
| Genitive | *gorazdъ | *gorazdъ | *gorazdъ |
| Locative | *gorazděxъ | *gorazdaxъ | *gorazděxъ |
| Dative | *gorazdomъ | *gorazdamъ | *gorazdomъ |
| Instrumental | *gorazdy | *gorazdami | *gorazdy |
| Vocative | *gorazdi | *gorazdy | *gorazda |
Definite declension of *gorazdъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *gorazdъjь | *gorazdaja | *gorazdoje |
| Accusative | *gorazdъjь | *gorazdǫjǫ | *gorazdoje |
| Genitive | *gorazdajego | *gorazdyję | *gorazdajego |
| Locative | *gorazdějemь | *gorazději | *gorazdějemь |
| Dative | *gorazdujemu | *gorazději | *gorazdujemu |
| Instrumental | *gorazdyjimi | *gorazdǫjǫ | *gorazdyjimi |
| Vocative | *gorazdъjь | *gorazdaja | *gorazdoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorazdaja | *gorazději | *gorazději |
| Accusative | *gorazdaja | *gorazději | *gorazději |
| Genitive | *gorazduju | *gorazduju | *gorazduju |
| Locative | *gorazduju | *gorazduju | *gorazduju |
| Dative | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima |
| Instrumental | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima | *gorazdyjima |
| Vocative | *gorazdaja | *gorazději | *gorazději |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *gorazdiji | *gorazdyję | *gorazdaja |
| Accusative | *gorazdyję | *gorazdyję | *gorazdaja |
| Genitive | *gorazdъjixъ | *gorazdъjixъ | *gorazdъjixъ |
| Locative | *gorazdyjixъ | *gorazdyjixъ | *gorazdyjixъ |
| Dative | *gorazdyjimъ | *gorazdyjimъ | *gorazdyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *gorazdyjimi | *gorazdyjimi | *gorazdyjimi |
| Vocative | *gorazdiji | *gorazdyję | *gorazdaja |
Derived terms
- *gorazditi (“to rage; to construct, to rise”)
- *gorazda (“disturbance”)
- *gorazdьnъ (“grand, eminant”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: horazd (“big”)
- Old Polish: gorazdy (“successful, agile”)
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 149: “PSl. *gorazdъ ‘experienced, able’ (adj.)”
- Hrynchyshyn, D. H., editor (2000), “гораздъ, гараздъ”, in Словник української мови XVI – I пол. XVII ст. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: 16ᵗʰ – 1ˢᵗ half of 17ᵗʰ c.] (in Ukrainian), issue 7 (головнѣйший – десѧтина), Lviv: KIUS, →ISBN, page 21
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “гораздо”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gorazdъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 32
- Stender-Petersen, Adolf (1927), “Zur Etymologie des urslav. gorazdъ”, in Slavia 5, page 675
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