Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gyža

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúnˀźjāˀ (“clump”) (possibly *gū́ˀźjāˀ), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *genǵ- or *gunǵ- (“to clump, to curl”) (compare English kink). Cognate with Latvian gũža, Lithuanian gū̃žė (“head of cabbage”) (dial. gū́žė, gųnžỹs (“cabbage sprout; Adam's apple”) (i-stem)). Possibly doubleted by Proto-Slavic *guga (“lump”) (whence Polish guga, dial. Russian гу́гля (gúglja)), formally from Proto-Indo-European *gewg-.

Besides acute reflexes, Lithuanian also exhibit seemingly related terms with grave intonation, e.g. Lithuanian gùnga (“hump”), gùžas (“bump, knot”), gugà (“hunch”).

Noun

*gyža f[1]

stump
Synonym: *pьňь

Declension

Declension of *gyža (soft a-stem, accent paradigm a)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*gyža	*gỳži	*gỳžę̇
Accusative	*gỳžǫ	*gỳži	*gỳžę̇
Genitive	*gỳžę̇	*gỳžu	*gỳžь
Locative	*gỳžī	*gỳžu	*gỳžāsъ
Dative	*gỳžī	*gỳžama	*gỳžāmъ
Instrumental	gỳžējǫ, gỳžǭ^*	*gỳžama	*gỳžāmī
Vocative	*gỳže	*gỳži	*gỳžę̇

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*gǫzъ, *gǫza (“bump”)
*guga (“lump”)
*gyčь (“haulm, bud”) (possibly)
*guta (“clump; tuber (of plant)”) (possibly)

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Churh Slavonic (Russian recension): гыжа (gyža)
- Bulgarian: ги́жа (gíža)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ги̏жа, ги̏джа
  
  Latin: gȉža, gȉdža
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hýžě, hýždě
  - Czech: hyže (“tip of the shinbone”)
- Old Polish: giża (“ham”)
  - Polish: gira (possibly)

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gyža”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196: “f. jā (a?) ‘stump’”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gyža”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196: “f. jā (a?) ‘stump’”