< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьskra
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Nominalization of an adjective Proto-Slavic *jьskrъ (“bright, stark, vivid”)[3] + *-a, a 0-grade doublet of Proto-Slavic *ěskrъ (whence Polish jaskry and Bulgarian Искър). Likely akin to Lithuanian ýškus (“bright, clear”). If right, then from an earlier Proto-Balto-Slavic *ī́ˀškrāˀ, *áiˀškrāˀ.
The exact Indo-European root is unclear. Comparisons have made with Proto-Germanic *aiskrōną (“to rage”) (whence Icelandic ískra (“to creak”)), Ancient Greek ἐσχάρᾱ (eskhárā, “hearth”) (doubted by Vasmer). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“to energize, to invigorate”) or *h₂eydʰ- (“to ignite”)[4].
Alternative forms
- *ě̀skra, *jàskra
Declension
Declension of *jь̀skra (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jь̀skra | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skry |
| Accusative | *jь̀skrǫ | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skry |
| Genitive | *jь̀skry | *jь̀skru | *jь̀skrъ |
| Locative | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skru | *jь̀skrasъ, *jь̀skraxъ* |
| Dative | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skrama | *jь̀skramъ |
| Instrumental | *jь̀skrojǫ, *jь̀skrǭ** | *jь̀skrama | *jь̀skramī |
| Vocative | *jь̀skro | *jь̀skrě | *jь̀skry |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *jьskriti, *jastriti (“to spark, to emit a spark”)
- *jьskrěti (“to glimmer”)
- *jьskrica (diminutive)
- *jьskravъ, *ěskravъ (“bright, brilliant”)
- *jьskristъ (“sparkling”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Non-Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “и́скра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “jьskra”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 239
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “искра”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 88
- іскра in Горох.ua (етимологія)
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*aiskrōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 10
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “jiskra”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “iskra”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ji̋skra”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “isker”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “pslovan. *ji̋skrъ”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*jь̀skra”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 214: “f. ā (a) ‘spark’”
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “iskër”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 155
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