< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kǫsъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kanˀdas, akin to Lithuanian ką́sti (“to bite”), Latvian kuôst (“to bite”), further Ancient Greek κνώδων (knṓdōn, “type of sword”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *kǫsъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kǫsъ | *kǫsa | *kǫso |
| Accusative | *kǫsъ | *kǫsǫ | *kǫso |
| Genitive | *kǫsa | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| Locative | *kǫsě | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| Dative | *kǫsu | *kǫsě | *kǫsu |
| Instrumental | *kǫsomь | *kǫsojǫ | *kǫsomь |
| Vocative | *kǫse | *kǫso | *kǫso |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kǫsa | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| Accusative | *kǫsa | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| Genitive | *kǫsu | *kǫsu | *kǫsu |
| Locative | *kǫsu | *kǫsu | *kǫsu |
| Dative | *kǫsoma | *kǫsama | *kǫsoma |
| Instrumental | *kǫsoma | *kǫsama | *kǫsoma |
| Vocative | *kǫsa | *kǫsě | *kǫsě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kǫsi | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| Accusative | *kǫsy | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
| Genitive | *kǫsъ | *kǫsъ | *kǫsъ |
| Locative | *kǫsěxъ | *kǫsaxъ | *kǫsěxъ |
| Dative | *kǫsomъ | *kǫsamъ | *kǫsomъ |
| Instrumental | *kǫsy | *kǫsami | *kǫsy |
| Vocative | *kǫsi | *kǫsy | *kǫsa |
Definite declension of *kǫsъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kǫsъjь | *kǫsaja | *kǫsoje |
| Accusative | *kǫsъjь | *kǫsǫjǫ | *kǫsoje |
| Genitive | *kǫsajego | *kǫsyję | *kǫsajego |
| Locative | *kǫsějemь | *kǫsěji | *kǫsějemь |
| Dative | *kǫsujemu | *kǫsěji | *kǫsujemu |
| Instrumental | *kǫsyjimi | *kǫsǫjǫ | *kǫsyjimi |
| Vocative | *kǫsъjь | *kǫsaja | *kǫsoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kǫsaja | *kǫsěji | *kǫsěji |
| Accusative | *kǫsaja | *kǫsěji | *kǫsěji |
| Genitive | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju |
| Locative | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju | *kǫsuju |
| Dative | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima |
| Instrumental | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima | *kǫsyjima |
| Vocative | *kǫsaja | *kǫsěji | *kǫsěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *kǫsiji | *kǫsyję | *kǫsaja |
| Accusative | *kǫsyję | *kǫsyję | *kǫsaja |
| Genitive | *kǫsъjixъ | *kǫsъjixъ | *kǫsъjixъ |
| Locative | *kǫsyjixъ | *kǫsyjixъ | *kǫsyjixъ |
| Dative | *kǫsyjimъ | *kǫsyjimъ | *kǫsyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *kǫsyjimi | *kǫsyjimi | *kǫsyjimi |
| Vocative | *kǫsiji | *kǫsyję | *kǫsaja |
Derived terms
- *sъkǫsiti, *pokǫsiti (“to shorten”)
- *kǫsakъ (“short dress, object”)
- *vъzkǫsъ (“ultra short”)
- *jьzkǫsъ (“strict, narrow”)
- *kǫso-
- *kǫsoględъ (“short-sighted”)
- *kǫsoumъ (“forgetful, with short memory”)
Related terms
- *kucъ (“tailless, limped, crippled”) (expressive)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: кꙋсꙑи (kusyj)
- Russian: кусо́й (kusój) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: ку́сий (kúsyj)
- Old East Slavic: кꙋсꙑи (kusyj)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ку́цый”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кусий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 160
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “къс²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 227
Declension
Declension of *kǫ̑sъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kǫ̑sъ | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫ̑si |
| Accusative | *kǫ̑sъ | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫ̑sy |
| Genitive | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫsù | *kǫ̃sъ |
| Locative | *kǫ̑sě | *kǫsù | *kǫsě̃xъ |
| Dative | *kǫ̑su | *kǫsomà | *kǫsòmъ |
| Instrumental | *kǫ̑sъmь, *kǫ̑somь* | *kǫsomà | *kǫsý |
| Vocative | *kǫse | *kǫ̑sa | *kǫ̑si |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
- *kǫsъkъ, *kǫsьcь (diminutive)
- *kǫsica
- *kǫšьjь (“slice, chunk (of bread, meat)”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ку́с”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*kǫsъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 67
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “къс¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 227
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kǫ̑sъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 243: “m. o (c) ‘piece’”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “kǫsъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 147; PR 137)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kos”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kǫ̑sъ ‛kos, grižljaj’”
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