< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/karasь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
*karasь (Carassius carassius)
Etymology
Akin to Lithuanian karõsas, Old High German karaz (whence Modern German Karausche, dialectal Lithuanian karúšis), of unclear further origin. Kluge & Mitzka presume Balto-Slavic origin for the German descendant; reversely, Preobražensky considers the Balto-Slavic lemmas as Germanic borrowings; while Sławski and Holub & Kopečný suppose a shared substrate origin.
Compared in the past with Ancient Greek κορᾰκῖνος (korakînos, “fresh-water fish found in the Nile”), κορακώδης (korakṓdēs, “crucian”) (literally: raven-like).
Declension
Declension of *karasь (i-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *karasь | *karasi | *karasьje, *karaše* |
| Accusative | *karasь | *karasi | *karasi |
| Genitive | *karasi | *karasьju, *karašu* | *karasьjь, *karasi* |
| Locative | *karasi | *karasьju, *karašu* | *karasьxъ |
| Dative | *karasi | *karasьma | *karasьmъ |
| Instrumental | *karasьmь | *karasьma | *karasьmi |
| Vocative | *karasi | *karasi | *karasьje, *karaše* |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *koraťь (possibly)
- *koraťьnъ (“vicious, accusative, detrimental”)
See also
- *korpъ (“carp”)
- *plotь, *plotica, *ploty (“roach”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: caraș
- → Hungarian: kárász
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*karasь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 152
- Kolomijec, V. T. (1983) Происхождение общеславянских названий рыб [The Origin of the Common Slavic Names of Fish] (К IX Международному съезду славистов) (in Russian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, pages 127-130
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “кара́сь”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “кара́сь”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 177
- Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “кара́сь”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1979), “караш”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 242
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “koréselj”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
- “karosas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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