Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopanь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Deverbial action noun of *kopati (“to dig”) +‎ *-nь, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep-. Akin to Ancient Greek κόπανος m (kópanos, “bat”), κόπανον n (kópanon, “vessel for braying”), whence comes the Late Balkan Slavic loanword копанъ (kopanŭ, “bat for laundry; poultry leg”) encountered in Bulgarian and Macedonian.

Noun

*kȍpanь f

digging
Synonyms: *oranь, *rovenьje
ditch
→ (by extension) hollow, pit, trough

Synonyms: *хorlupa, *dьgna, *jama, *dupa

Declension

Declension of *kȍpanь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*kȍpanь	*kȍpani	*kȍpani
Accusative	*kȍpanь	*kȍpani	*kȍpani
Genitive	*kopaní	kopanьjù, kopaňu^*	*kopanь̀jь
Locative	*kopaní	kopanьjù, kopaňu^*	*kȍpanьxъ
Dative	*kȍpani	*kopanьmà	*kȍpanьmъ
Instrumental	*kopanьjǫ́	*kopanьmà	*kopanьmì
Vocative	*kopani	*kȍpani	*kȍpani

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*kopъ m (“earthwork, act of digging”)
*kopьna (“plowed land”)

Derived terms

*kopanьje (“digging”)
*kopaňa (“trough”)
*kopanъka (“vessel”)
*kopanica (“digging”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: копань (kopanĭ)
  - Russian: ко́пань (kópanʹ, “pit”) (obsolete)
  - Ukrainian: ко́пань (kópanʹ, “earthwork”) (obsolete)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: копань (kopanĭ)
  ⇒ Romanian: copaie
- Bulgarian: ко́пан (kópan), копа́не (kopáne)
  → копа́нка (kopánka) (diminutive)
- → Macedonian: копанка (kopanka) (diminutive)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: ко̀па̄њ (obsolete, dialectal)
  
  Latin: kòpānj (obsolete, dialectal)
West Slavic:
- Polish: kopań (obsolete)