< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuga
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Trubachev, of onomatopoeic origin, probably from a semantic kernel like *kujati (“to caw, to cry”) + *-ga. Analogical to Proto-Germanic *kuhōną (“to cough, to gasp”).
Per Snoj, a borrowing from Old High German koge (“infection”) (specifically Bawarian dialects) is suggested, however, that lemma is too young to have been reflected with *-u- in Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian кугла (“ball”) < German Kugel : Serbo-Croatian корпа (“box, basket”) < German Korb). Rejected by Trubachev.
Declension
Declension of *kuga (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *kuga | *kùdzě | *kùgy |
| Accusative | *kùgǫ | *kùdzě | *kùgy |
| Genitive | *kùgy | *kùgu | *kùgъ |
| Locative | *kùdzě | *kùgu | *kùgasъ, *kùgaxъ* |
| Dative | *kùdzě | *kùgama | *kùgamъ |
| Instrumental | *kùgojǫ, *kùgǭ** | *kùgama | *kùgamī |
| Vocative | *kùgo | *kùdzě | *kùgy |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
- *kujati (“to caw”)
- *kukati (“to cuckoo”)
Derived terms
- *kugykati (“to cough severely, to cry”)
- *kužiti (“to get infected”)
- *kužьba (“contagion”)
- *kugačь (“owl”) (regional, East Slavic)
Descendants
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuga?/*kugakati/*kugykati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 85
- Georgiev V. I., editor (1986), “куга”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 74
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “kúga”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si
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