< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/oko
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).
Inflection
Declension of *ȍko (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ȍko | *ȍčesi | *očesà |
| Accusative | *ȍko | *ȍčesi | *očesà |
| Genitive | *ȍčese | *očesù | *očèsъ |
| Locative | *ȍčese | *očesù | *očèsьxъ |
| Dative | *ȍčesi | *očesьmà | *očèsьmъ |
| Instrumental | *ȍčesьmь | *očesьmà | *očesý |
| Vocative | *ȍko | *ȍčesi | *očesà |
Declension of *ȍko (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ȍko | *ȍcě | *okà |
| Accusative | *ȍko | *ȍcě | *okà |
| Genitive | *ȍka | *okù | *òkъ |
| Locative | *ȍcě | *okù | *ocě̃xъ |
| Dative | *ȍku | *okomà | *okòmъ |
| Instrumental | *ȍkъmь, *ȍkomь* | *okomà | *oký |
| Vocative | *ȍko | *ȍcě | *okà |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Declension of *ȍči (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Dual | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *ȍči |
| Accusative | *ȍči |
| Genitive | *očьjù, *oču* |
| Locative | *očьjù, *oču* |
| Dative | *očьmà |
| Instrumental | *očьmà |
| Vocative | *ȍči |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
In addition to the above declensions, there were i-stem dual forms. Old Church Slavic has an o-stem singular, i-stem dual, and s-stem plural, while Russian has an o-stem singular, and an i-stem plural derived from the old dual.
Derived terms
- *okъno (“window”)
- *obačiti (“to watch”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: Aka (toponym)
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*oko”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 41
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “око”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- “akis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ȍko”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
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