< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pila
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably borrowed from Old Saxon fīla[1], ultimately from Proto-Germanic *finhlō.
Possibly related in some manner to Lithuanian peĩlis (“knife”), pielà (“file”), Old Prussian peile (“razor”):
- Būga, Endzelīns: Baltic terms borrowed from Slavic or both directly from Germanic.
- Fraenkel: Baltic and Slavic terms - cognates of Balto-Slavic origin, possibly akin to Latin pīlum (“javeline”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pey(s)-). At a later stage, semantically influenced by the Germanic terms.
Declension
Declension of *pīlà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *pīlà | *pĩlě | *pīlỳ |
| Accusative | *pīlǫ̀ | *pĩlě | *pīlỳ |
| Genitive | *pīlỳ | *pīlù | *pĩlъ |
| Locative | *pīlě̀ | *pīlù | *pīlàsъ, *pīlàxъ* |
| Dative | *pīlě̀ | *pīlàma | *pīlàmъ |
| Instrumental | *pīlòjǫ, *pĩlǫ** | *pīlàma | *pīlàmī |
| Vocative | *pilo | *pĩlě | *pīlỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Declension of *pilà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *pilà | *pȋlě | *pȋly |
| Accusative | *pȋlǫ | *pȋlě | *pȋly |
| Genitive | *pilý | *pilù | *pĩlъ |
| Locative | *pȋlě | *pilù | *pilàsъ, *pilàxъ* |
| Dative | *pilě̀ | *pilàma | *pilàmъ |
| Instrumental | *pilojǫ́ | *pilàma | *pilàmi |
| Vocative | *pilo | *pȋlě | *pȋly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
Derived terms
- *piliti (“to grind”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “пила́”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “пила”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 234
- “piela”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic (in English), Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 152
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “pila pily”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c sav (PR 135)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “pila”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “prevzeta iz srvnem. vīle [...] Druga možnost [...] iz pslovan. *pila̋”
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