< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sekyra
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
- *sěkỳra
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Cognate with Latin secūris (“axe”) and Ancient Greek σάγαρις (ságaris, “single-edged battle axe used by Scythians”). Probably not related to Akkadian 𒅆𒆕 (/šukurru/, “metal wedge, spear, axe”) which can have various other relations like to the frequent root related to locking, blocking (Arabic شَجَرَ (šajara, “to tie up, to keep off”) and loanwords سُكَّار (sukkār) and سَاجُور (sājūr)).
Declension
Declension of *sekyra (hard a-stem)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *sekyra | *sekyrě | *sekyry |
| Accusative | *sekyrǫ | *sekyrě | *sekyry |
| Genitive | *sekyry | *sekyru | *sekyrъ |
| Locative | *sekyrě | *sekyru | *sekyrasъ, *sekyraxъ* |
| Dative | *sekyrě | *sekyrama | *sekyramъ |
| Instrumental | *sekyrojǫ, *sekyrǫ** | *sekyrama | *sekyrami |
| Vocative | *sekyro | *sekyrě | *sekyry |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
See also
- *sěťi (“to cut, mow”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: секꙑ́ра (sekýra), сѣкꙑ́ра (sěkýra), сокꙑ́ра (sokýra)
- Old Ruthenian: секи́ра (sekíra), соки́ра (sokíra), саки́ра (sakíra), сокы́ра (sokýra)
- Belarusian: сякі́ра (sjakíra), сокі́ра (sokíra), сако́ра (sakóra)
- Rusyn: сокы́ра (sokŷ́ra)
- Ukrainian: соки́ра (sokýra)
- Middle Russian: секи́ра (sekíra), секы́ра (sekýra), соки́ра (sokíra), сокы́ра (sokýra)
- Russian: секи́ра (sekíra)
- Old Ruthenian: секи́ра (sekíra), соки́ра (sokíra), саки́ра (sakíra), сокы́ра (sokýra)
- Old Novgorodian: ськꙑ́ра (sĭkýra), секꙑ́ра (sekýra)
- Old East Slavic: секꙑ́ра (sekýra), сѣкꙑ́ра (sěkýra), сокꙑ́ра (sokýra)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “соки́ра”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 345
- Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1972–1982), “соки́ра”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volume 2 (Д – Ь), issue 12–22, Ottawa: Ukr. Mohylo-Mazepian Acad. of Sci. & Ukr. Lang. Assoc., →LCCN, page 1026
- Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “сяке́ра”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volume 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “секи́ра”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- “skr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “sgr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- H5462 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
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