< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/skala
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Substantivized collective noun from *skàliti (“to chop”) + *-а. Perhaps, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *skalā́ˀ, from a long o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut, to chop”), akin to Lithuanian skalà (“chip, sliver”), Proto-Germanic *skalō (“lump, ball”).
Alternative forms
- *skaľa (yā-stem)
Declension
Declension of *skala (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *skala | *skàlě | *skàly |
| Accusative | *skàlǫ | *skàlě | *skàly |
| Genitive | *skàly | *skàlu | *skàlъ |
| Locative | *skàlě | *skàlu | *skàlasъ, *skàlaxъ* |
| Dative | *skàlě | *skàlama | *skàlamъ |
| Instrumental | *skàlojǫ, *skàlǭ** | *skàlama | *skàlamī |
| Vocative | *skàlo | *skàlě | *skàly |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *skalica, *skalъka (diminutive)
- *skalařь, *skalakъ (“stone worker/miner”)
- *skalistъ (“rocky”)
- *skalьnъ (“stony, made of rock”)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “скала”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Duridanov I., Račeva M., Todorov T., editor (1996), “скала”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 718
- скала in Горох.ua
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “skala¹”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *ska̋la”
- Olander, Thomas (2001), “?skala”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (RPT 107)”
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