< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strьmъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Superceded an earlier i-stem *strьmь + *-ъ (still attested as indeclinable form in OCS). Attested with o-vocalism in Polish stromy, Belarusian стро́мы (strómy).
Besides the adjective, Russian also has an abstract noun стрём (strjom, “fear, anxiety”), ultimately from the same origin.
Declension
Indefinite declension of *strьmъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *strьmъ | *strьma | *strьmo |
| Accusative | *strьmъ | *strьmǫ | *strьmo |
| Genitive | *strьma | *strьmy | *strьma |
| Locative | *strьmě | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| Dative | *strьmu | *strьmě | *strьmu |
| Instrumental | *strьmomь | *strьmojǫ | *strьmomь |
| Vocative | *strьme | *strьmo | *strьmo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| Accusative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| Genitive | *strьmu | *strьmu | *strьmu |
| Locative | *strьmu | *strьmu | *strьmu |
| Dative | *strьmoma | *strьmama | *strьmoma |
| Instrumental | *strьmoma | *strьmama | *strьmoma |
| Vocative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *strьmi | *strьmy | *strьma |
| Accusative | *strьmy | *strьmy | *strьma |
| Genitive | *strьmъ | *strьmъ | *strьmъ |
| Locative | *strьměxъ | *strьmaxъ | *strьměxъ |
| Dative | *strьmomъ | *strьmamъ | *strьmomъ |
| Instrumental | *strьmy | *strьmami | *strьmy |
| Vocative | *strьmi | *strьmy | *strьma |
Definite declension of *strьmъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *strьmъjь | *strьmaja | *strьmoje |
| Accusative | *strьmъjь | *strьmǫjǫ | *strьmoje |
| Genitive | *strьmajego | *strьmyję | *strьmajego |
| Locative | *strьmějemь | *strьměji | *strьmějemь |
| Dative | *strьmujemu | *strьměji | *strьmujemu |
| Instrumental | *strьmyjimi | *strьmǫjǫ | *strьmyjimi |
| Vocative | *strьmъjь | *strьmaja | *strьmoje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
| Accusative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
| Genitive | *strьmuju | *strьmuju | *strьmuju |
| Locative | *strьmuju | *strьmuju | *strьmuju |
| Dative | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima |
| Instrumental | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima |
| Vocative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *strьmiji | *strьmyję | *strьmaja |
| Accusative | *strьmyję | *strьmyję | *strьmaja |
| Genitive | *strьmъjixъ | *strьmъjixъ | *strьmъjixъ |
| Locative | *strьmyjixъ | *strьmyjixъ | *strьmyjixъ |
| Dative | *strьmyjimъ | *strьmyjimъ | *strьmyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *strьmyjimi | *strьmyjimi | *strьmyjimi |
| Vocative | *strьmiji | *strьmyję | *strьmaja |
Derived terms
- *strьmati (“to shock, to scare”)
- *strьmogolvъ (“headlong”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стрьмъ (strĭmŭ), стрьмо (strĭmo, “directly, straight”) (adverb)
- Russian: стрёмый (strjómyj, “cunning”)
- South Slavic:
- East Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “стремгла́в”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016), “strm”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar3 (in Slovene), https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *strьmъ̏”
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