Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xorniti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Denominative verb from *xorna (“food, fodder”).

Per Derksen, possibly a borrowing from Iranian (compare Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ (xᵛar^əna, “food”).
Per Vasmer, related to Latin servō (“to save”) (infinitive servāre), Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬉‎ (haraitē, “to beware, to take care”), 𐬵𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (ha^uruuaⁱti, “to guard”); the connection with Avestan 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀‎ (xᵛar^əna, “food”) is "difficult".

Verb

*xorniti

to feed
to protect

Inflection

Conjugation of *xorniti, *xorni, *xornitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*xorňenьje	*xorniti	*xornitъ	*xornilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*xorňenъ	*xornimъ
Active	*xorňь	*xornę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xornixъ	*xorni	*xorni	*xorňǫ	*xorniši	*xornitь
Dual	*xornixově	*xornista	*xorniste	*xornivě	*xornita	*xornite
Plural	*xornixomъ	*xorniste	*xornišę	*xornimъ	*xornite	*xornętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*xorňaaxъ	*xorňaaše	*xorňaaše	—	*xorni	*xorni
Dual	*xorňaaxově	*xorňaašeta	*xorňaašete	*xornivě	*xornita	—
Plural	*xorňaaxomъ	*xorňaašete	*xorňaaxǫ	*xornimъ	*xornite	—

(*)*xornivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Related terms

*xorna (“food, fodder”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: хоронити (xoroniti) (11th century)
  - Belarusian: харані́ць (xaranícʹ)
  - Russian: хорони́ть (xoronítʹ)
  - Ukrainian: хорони́ти (xoronýty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: хранити (xraniti)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱈⱃⰰⱀⰻⱅⰻ (xraniti)
  - → Russian: храни́ть (xranítʹ)
- Bulgarian: хра́ня (hránja)
- Macedonian: храни (hrani)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: хра́нити
  
  Latin: hrániti
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): hrå̄nȉti (“to feed, to save”), 2sg. hrãnīš
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): hrānȉt (“to feed, to nourish”), 1sg. hrãnin
- Slovene: hrániti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: chrániti
  - Czech: chránit
- Polabian: xornĕ (“to feed”, 3sg.)
- Old Polish: chronić
  - Polish: chronić
- Slovak: chrániť (“to defend, to protect, to preserve”)
- Slovincian: χrʉ̀ɵ̯ńĭc (“to protect”)

→ Romanian: hrăni (“to feed”)

References

Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993), “храни́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), 3rd edition, Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 354
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*xorniti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xorniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 78
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “хоро́на”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress

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