< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zъlъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *źulas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwel- (“to lie, deceive, bend”).
Cognate with Ancient Greek φῆλος (phêlos, “deceitful”), Sanskrit ह्वृ (hvṛ, “to deviate, be crooked, be devious”), Avestan 𐬰𐬎𐬭𐬀𐬵 (zurah, “injustice”), Lithuanian žulas (“rough”), Latvian zveļu (“to turn aside”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *zъlъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zъlъ | *zъla | *zъlo |
| Accusative | *zъlъ | *zъlǫ | *zъlo |
| Genitive | *zъla | *zъly | *zъla |
| Locative | *zъlě | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Dative | *zъlu | *zъlě | *zъlu |
| Instrumental | *zъlomь | *zъlojǫ | *zъlomь |
| Vocative | *zъle | *zъlo | *zъlo |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъla | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Accusative | *zъla | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Genitive | *zъlu | *zъlu | *zъlu |
| Locative | *zъlu | *zъlu | *zъlu |
| Dative | *zъloma | *zъlama | *zъloma |
| Instrumental | *zъloma | *zъlama | *zъloma |
| Vocative | *zъla | *zъlě | *zъlě |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъli | *zъly | *zъla |
| Accusative | *zъly | *zъly | *zъla |
| Genitive | *zъlъ | *zъlъ | *zъlъ |
| Locative | *zъlěxъ | *zъlaxъ | *zъlěxъ |
| Dative | *zъlomъ | *zъlamъ | *zъlomъ |
| Instrumental | *zъly | *zъlami | *zъly |
| Vocative | *zъli | *zъly | *zъla |
Definite declension of *zъlъ (hard)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *zъlъjь | *zъlaja | *zъloje |
| Accusative | *zъlъjь | *zъlǫjǫ | *zъloje |
| Genitive | *zъlajego | *zъlyję | *zъlajego |
| Locative | *zъlějemь | *zъlěji | *zъlějemь |
| Dative | *zъlujemu | *zъlěji | *zъlujemu |
| Instrumental | *zъlyjimi | *zъlǫjǫ | *zъlyjimi |
| Vocative | *zъlъjь | *zъlaja | *zъloje |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъlaja | *zъlěji | *zъlěji |
| Accusative | *zъlaja | *zъlěji | *zъlěji |
| Genitive | *zъluju | *zъluju | *zъluju |
| Locative | *zъluju | *zъluju | *zъluju |
| Dative | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima |
| Instrumental | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima | *zъlyjima |
| Vocative | *zъlaja | *zъlěji | *zъlěji |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *zъliji | *zъlyję | *zъlaja |
| Accusative | *zъlyję | *zъlyję | *zъlaja |
| Genitive | *zъlъjixъ | *zъlъjixъ | *zъlъjixъ |
| Locative | *zъlyjixъ | *zъlyjixъ | *zъlyjixъ |
| Dative | *zъlyjimъ | *zъlyjimъ | *zъlyjimъ |
| Instrumental | *zъlyjimi | *zъlyjimi | *zъlyjimi |
| Vocative | *zъliji | *zъlyję | *zъlaja |
Antonyms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “злой”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zъlъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 551
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