Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/b(i)āka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*b(i)ākka

Noun

*b(i)āka

frog
(?) tortoise, turtle

Declension

Declension of *b(i)āka

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*b(i)āka
Accusative	b(i)ākanï, b(i)ākanïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*b(i)ākanïŋ
Dative	*b(i)ākaka
Locative	*b(i)ākada
Ablative	*b(i)ākadan
Instrumental ²⁾	*b(i)ākan
Equative ²⁾	*b(i)ākača

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*kïr-b(i)āka

Descendants

Oghur:
- → Hungarian: béka [1]
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: bâqa
Proto-Oghuz: *b(i)aɣa
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: bağa
    - Ottoman Turkish:
      - Turkish: bağa
- East Oghuz:
  - Salar: bağa
  - Turkmen:
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (baqa)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (baqa)
    - ⇒ Uzbek: qurbaqa
    - Uyghur: پاقا‎ (paqa)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: баҡа (baqa)
  - Tatar: бака (baqa)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: baqa
  - Karachay-Balkar: макъа (maqa)
  - Kumyk: бакъа (baqa)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: бақа
  - Kazakh: бақа (baqa)
  - Nogai: бака (baka)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: бака (baka)
  - Southern Altai: бака (baka)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (baka)
- Old Uyghur:
  - Western Yugur: paqa
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: бага (baga)
  - Yakut: баҕа (bağa)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: пага (paga)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: паға (pağa)
    - Shor: паға (pağa)

References

Gombocz, Zoltán (1912) Die bulgarisch-türkischen Lehnwörter in der ungarischen Sprache [The Bulgarian–Turkic Loanwords in the Hungarian Language] (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; XXX)‎ (in German)

Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 311-312; 646-647
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 58
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*b(i)āka”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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[1] Gombocz, Zoltán (1912) Die bulgarisch-türkischen Lehnwörter in der ungarischen Sprache [The Bulgarian–Turkic Loanwords in the Hungarian Language] (Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia = Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne; XXX)‎ (in German)