Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/köpürüg

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *köxer-ge (“bridge”), Proto-Tungusic *xupuru (“rift (in river); bridge”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) See also Proto-Turkic *topïk.

Noun

*köpürüg

bridge

Declension

Declension of *köpürüg

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*köpürüg
Accusative	köpürügnü, köpürügnüg ¹⁾
Genitive	*köpürügnüŋ
Dative	*köpürügke
Locative	*köpürügte
Ablative	*köpürügten
Instrumental ²⁾	*köpürügün
Equative ²⁾	*köpürügče

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: körpü
    - → Persian: کرپی‎ (korpi)
  - Ottoman Turkish: كوپری‎, كورپی‎ (körpi), كورپو‎ (körpü)
    - Turkish: köprü
    - Gagauz: köprü
    - → Hijazi Arabic: كبري‎ (kubri)
    - → Egyptian Arabic: كوبري‎ (kobrı)
    - → Armenian: քէօփրիւ (kʿēōpʿriw)
    - → Bulgarian: кюприя (kjuprija) (obsolete)
    - → Greek: κιοπρουλής (kioproulís)
    - → Ladino: kyupri, kopri
    - → Macedonian: ќуприја (ḱuprija)
    - → Serbo-Croatian: ћу̀прија/ćùprija
- Salar: kömür, komuru
- Turkmen: köpri
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (köprüg)
  - Uzbek: koʻprik
  - Uyghur: كۆۋرۈك‎ (köwrük)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: күпер (küper)
  - Tatar: күпер (küper)
    - → Chuvash: кӗпер (kĕp̬er)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: köpür
  - Kumyk: кёпюр (köpür)
  - Karachay-Balkar: кёпюр (köpür)
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: көпүрө (köpürö)
  - Southern Altai: кемирӱ (kemirü), кӧмӱрӱ (kömürü), кӧмӱр (kömür)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: koʻpir
  - Kazakh: көпір (köpır)
  - Nogai: коьпир (köpir)
Siberian:
- Old Uyghur: [script needed] (köprüg)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: күргэ (kürge) (if it was not borrowed from Mongolic)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: [script needed] (kö'prig)
    - Tuvan: көвүрүг (kövürüg)

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