Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kap-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology 1

Do not confuse with Proto-Turkic *kāp (“sack”), *kāpla- (“to surround, cover”) (Turkmen gāplamak). (See also *topïk)

Compare Proto-Mongolic *kaxa- (“to hinder, close”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Verb

*kap-

(transitive) to close
Synonyms: *yap- (“to close”), *yum- (“to close (eyes, mouth)”)

Antonym: *ač- (“to open”)

Derived terms

*kap-gak (“cap, cover”)
*kap-gan (“trap”)
*kap-ïg (“gate, door”)
*kap-ïr-čak (“box, coffin; basket”)
*kap-sa (“gate”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: хуп (hup)
Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: qapamaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapamaq)
      - Gagauz: kapamaa
      - Turkish: kapamak
  - Turkmen: gapmak (dialect)

Etymology 2

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kabči- (“to pinch, squeeze, grasp; to hold”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Verb

*kap-

to snatch, take
to bite

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: хып (hyp)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: qapmaq
  - Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (qapmaq)
    - Gagauz: kapmaa
    - Turkish: kapmak
- Turkmen: gapmak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (qap-)
  - Uzbek: qopmoq
  - Uyghur: [script needed] (qapmaq)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: [script needed] (qap-)
  - Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: [script needed] (qap-)
  - Karachay-Balkar: [script needed] (qap-)
  - Karaim: [script needed] (qap-)
  - Kumyk: [script needed] (qap-)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Karakalpak: [script needed] (qap-)
    - Kazakh: қапу (qapu)
    - Nogai: [script needed] (qap-)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: капуу (kapuu)
    - Southern Altai: кабар (kabar, “to grasp, catch, take”)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: [script needed] (kap-)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kap-)
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: хап (qap)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tofa: [script needed] (qa'p-)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: [script needed] (xap-)

References

Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*kap-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.