Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/galan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *galaną.

Verb

*galan

to sing

Inflection

Strong class 6
Infinitive	*galan
1st sg. past	*gōl
3rd pl. past	*gōlun
Past ptcple	*galan
Infinitive	*galan
Genitive infin.	*galannjas
Dative infin.	*galannjē
Instrum. infin.	*galannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*galu	*gōl
2nd singular	*galiʀi	*gōlī
3rd singular	*galidi	*gōl
1st plural	*galum	*gōlum
2nd plural	*galid	*gōlud
3rd plural	*galand	*gōlun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*galē	*gōlī
2nd singular	*galēs	*gōlī
3rd singular	*galē	*gōlī
1st plural	*galēm	*gōlīm
2nd plural	*galēþ	*gōlīd
3rd plural	*galēn	*gōlīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*gal
Plural	*galid
	Present	Past
Participle	*galandī	*galan

Related terms

*galdr
*galm
*galōn

Descendants

Old English: galan
- Middle English: galen
  - English: gale
  - Scots: gale
Old Saxon: galan
Old Dutch: *galan
- Middle Dutch: gālen
Old High German: galan, kalan
- >? Middle High German: golen, goln
  - German: golen
- ⇒ Middle High German: begalen
- ⇒? Old High German: galt (“(of cows) not milch, infertile”, past participle) (from the belief that sterile or un-milch cows are bewitched)
  - Middle High German: galt
    - Alemannic German: galt (“(of cows) not milch”)
      Swabian: gall (“(of sheep) not pregnant”)
    - Bavarian:
      Carinthian: galt (“(of cows) infertile or pregnant (therefore not milch)”)
      
      Cimbrian: galt (“(of cows) not milch; (of cows and human women) infertile”)
      
      ⇒^? Tyrolean: galt (“unfarmed land”)
    - >? German: gelt (“(of non-human animals) infertile”)
    - ⇒ Middle High German: galte (“one-year-old calf”)
      - Alemannic German: Galti (“two-year-old cow that has not yet become pregnant”)

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