Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kaug

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown;[1] suggested to possibly be related to Norwegian kage (“low bush”),[2] perhaps borrowed and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰyóm (“enclosure; hedge”)[3].

Noun

*kaug m[1]

(North Sea Germanic) polder, koog

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kaug
Genitive	*kaugas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kaug	kaugō, kaugōs
Accusative	*kaug	*kaugā
Genitive	*kaugas	*kaugō
Dative	*kaugē	*kaugum
Instrumental	*kaugu	*kaugum

Descendants

Old Frisian: kāg, kāch
- North Frisian: kuuch
- West Frisian: keech
- → Middle Dutch: câech[4] [1287-1288]
  - Dutch: kaag
Old Saxon: kōg
- Middle Low German: kôch
  - Low German: kooch
  - → German: Koog, Kog[1]
Old Dutch: *kōg[5]
- Middle Dutch: côoch, coech, coich (or borrowed from Low German)
  - Dutch: koog (dated, dialectal)
- ⇒? Old Dutch: cogsculd

References

Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Kog”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 388
Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “koog”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
Torp, Alf (1919), “Kage”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 254
van Veen, P.A.F.; van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997), “kaag¹”, in Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), Utrecht; Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie, →ISBN
Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “koog”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “Noordzee-Germaans *kāg”

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[EWddS-1] Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Kog”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 388

[2] Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “koog”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[3] Torp, Alf (1919), “Kage”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 254

[4] van Veen, P.A.F.; van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997), “kaag¹”, in Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), Utrecht; Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie, →ISBN

[5] Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “koog”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “Noordzee-Germaans *kāg”