< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturtijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥-d-yé-ti, from *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”).[1]

Verb

*sturtijan[1][2]

  1. to fall down, tumble

Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *sturtijan
1st sg. past *sturtidā
Infinitive *sturtijan
Genitive infin. *sturtijannjas
Dative infin. *sturtijannjē
Instrum. infin. *sturtijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *sturtiju *sturtidā
2nd singular *sturtisi *sturtidēs, *sturtidōs
3rd singular *sturtiþi *sturtidē, *sturtidā
1st plural *sturtijum *sturtidum
2nd plural *sturtiþ *sturtidud
3rd plural *sturtijanþ *sturtidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *sturtijē *sturtidī
2nd singular *sturtijēs *sturtidī
3rd singular *sturtijē *sturtidī
1st plural *sturtijēm *sturtidīm
2nd plural *sturtijēþ *sturtidīd
3rd plural *sturtijēn *sturtidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *sturti
Plural *sturtiþ
Present Past
Participle *sturtijandī *sturtid
  • *startilōn, *startlōn
    • Old English: steartlian

Descendants
  • Old English: sturtan, styrtan
  • Old Frisian: sterta, stirta
    • North Frisian:
      • Föhr-Amrum: stört
      • Hallig and Ockholm: steerte
      • Mooring: stjarte
    • Saterland Frisian: stäite
  • Old Saxon: *sturtian
  • Old Dutch: *sturten
    • Middle Dutch: sturten, storten
      • Dutch: storten
        • Negerhollands: stort
        • → Caribbean Javanese: setor, nyetor
        • → Indonesian: setor
        • → Saterland Frisian: stöärtje
        • → West Frisian: stoarte[3]
  • Old High German: sturzen
    • Middle High German: sturzen
      • German: stürzen
      • Luxembourgish: stierzen

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “(s)terd-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1023-1024: “westgerm. *sturtjan”
  2. Friedrich Kluge (1989), “stürzen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 712: “wg. *sturt-ija-”
  3. de Vaan, Michiel (2014-2018), “Addenda EWN”, in http://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2016/03/etymologie-storten
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