braniti

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *borniti, related to bòriti se (“to fight, struggle”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /brǎːniti/
  • Hyphenation: bra‧ni‧ti

Verb

brániti impf (Cyrillic spelling бра́нити)

  1. (transitive, reflexive) to defend
  2. (intransitive) to forbid

Conjugation
Conjugation of braniti
Infinitive: braniti Present verbal adverb: bránēći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: bránjēnje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present branim braniš brani branimo branite brane
Future Future I branit ću1
braniću		 branit ćeš1
branićeš		 branit će1
braniće		 branit ćemo1
branićemo		 branit ćete1
branićete		 branit će1
braniće
Future II bȕdēm branio2 bȕdēš branio2 bȕdē branio2 bȕdēmo branili2 bȕdēte branili2 bȕdū branili2
Past Perfect branio sam2 branio si2 branio je2 branili smo2 branili ste2 branili su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam branio2 bȉo si branio2 bȉo je branio2 bíli smo branili2 bíli ste branili2 bíli su branili2
Imperfect branjah branjaše branjaše branjasmo branjaste branjahu
Conditional I branio bih2 branio bi2 branio bi2 branili bismo2 branili biste2 branili bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih branio2 bȉo bi branio2 bȉo bi branio2 bíli bismo branili2 bíli biste branili2 bíli bi branili2
Imperative — brani — branimo branite —
Active past participle branio m / branila f / branilo n branili m / branile f / branila n
Passive past participle branjen m / branjena f / branjeno n branjeni m / branjene f / branjena n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  * Note: The aorist and imperfect have nowadays fallen into disuse in many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Further reading
  • “braniti” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *borniti.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /branìːti/, /braníːti/, /bràːniti/

Verb

branīti or brániti impf

  1. (transitive) to defend (ward off attack)
  2. (transitive) to prevent, to stop
  3. (transitive, law) to defend (make legal defence of)[→SSKJ]
    Synonym: zastọ̄pati
  4. (transitive) to defend one's opinion[→SSKJ]
  5. (intransitive, reflexive) to resist, to not like

Conjugation
Class IV, accentual type IIB (accent can be on two different vowels in infinitive), imperfective
Infinitive branīti, brániti (i-ti)
Long infinitive (usually only written, except in very formal contexts) branīti, brániti
Short infinitive (in spoken formal language, colloquial) bránit
Supine bránit
l-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular bránił branȋla, bránila branílo, bránilo
dual braníla, bránila braníli, bránili braníli, bránili
plural braníli, bránili braníle, bránile braníla, bránila
n-/t-participle (passive participle)
masculine feminine neuter
singular bránjen bránjena bránjeno
dual bránjena bránjeni bránjeni
plural bránjeni bránjene bránjena
š-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular – – –
dual – – –
plural – – –
adverbial š-participle –
True gerund bránjenje
Objectified gerund –
Present stem bránim (i-m)
Present indicative
singular dual plural
1st person bránim brániva, bránima bránimo
2nd person brániš bránita, bránista bránite, brániste
3rd person bráni bránita, bránista bránijo
Imperative
singular dual plural
1st person bráni branȋva, brániva, branȋma,bránima branȋmo, bránimo
2nd person bráni branȋta, bránita branȋte, bránite
3rd person bráni [[branȋta, bránita]] –
č-participle
masculine feminine neuter
singular branȅč branẹ́ča branẹ́če
dual branẹ́ča branẹ́či branẹ́či
plural branẹ́či branẹ́če branẹ́ča
adverbial participles
č-participle branẹ̄č, branȅč
e-participle –

Derived terms

Further reading
  • “braniti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “braniti”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references
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