cáel

See also: cael and Cael

Old Irish

Alternative forms
  • cóel

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *koilos (“thin”), from Proto-Indo-European *koyHlo- (Latvian kails (“bare, naked”)).[1] Compare Cornish and Welsh cul.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /koːi̯l/, /kaːi̯l/

Adjective

cáel (equative caílithir)

  1. thin, slender, narrow
  2. fine, delicate

Inflection
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative cáel cáel cáel
Vocative caíl*
cáel**
Accusative cáel caíl
Genitive caíl caíle caíl
Dative cáel caíl cáel
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative caíl cáela
Vocative cáelu
cáela†
Accusative cáelu
cáela†
Genitive cáel
Dative cáelaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Irish: caol
  • Manx: keyl
  • Scottish Gaelic: caol
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: cáelach
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: *cáelas

Noun

cáel m

  1. narrow
  2. strait

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative cáel cáelL caílL
Vocative caíl cáelL cáeluH
Accusative cáelN cáelL cáeluH
Genitive caílL cáel cáelN
Dative cáelL cáelaib cáelaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
cáel cháel cáel
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “koylo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 220

Further reading
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