chuma

Bondei

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

  1. iron

Chichewa

Etymology

A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃu.má/

Noun

chumá class 7

  1. wealth

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈxʊmˠə]

Adjective

chuma

  1. Lenited form of cuma.

Meru

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

  1. iron

Mwani

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma class 7 (plural vyuma)

  1. iron
  2. ironware

Shona

Etymology

A wanderwort ultimately from Swahili chuma (“iron”).

Noun

chumá class 7

  1. bead(s)

Spanish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃuma/ [ˈt͡ʃu.ma]
  • Rhymes: -uma
  • Syllabification: chu‧ma

Adjective

chuma f sg

  1. feminine singular of chumo

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Noun

chuma (ki-vi class, plural vyuma)

  1. iron
  2. ironware (something made of iron)
  3. (slang) girlfriend

Descendants
  • Kikuyu: cuma

Verb

-chuma (infinitive kuchuma)

  1. gather, collect
  2. earn

Conjugation
Conjugation of -chuma
Positive present -nachuma
Subjunctive -chume
Negative -chumi
Imperative singular chuma
Infinitives
Positive kuchuma
Negative kutochuma
Imperatives
Singular chuma
Plural chumeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huchuma
Positive past positive subject concord + -lichuma
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuchuma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nachuma)
Singular Plural
1st person ninachuma/nachuma tunachuma
2nd person unachuma mnachuma
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anachuma wanachuma
other classes positive subject concord + -nachuma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -chumi)
Singular Plural
1st person sichumi hatuchumi
2nd person huchumi hamchumi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachumi hawachumi
other classes negative subject concord + -chumi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tachuma
Negative future negative subject concord + -tachuma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -chume)
Singular Plural
1st person nichume tuchume
2nd person uchume mchume
3rd person m-wa(I/II) achume wachume
other classes positive subject concord + -chume
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sichume
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngechuma
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singechuma
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalichuma
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalichuma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -achuma)
Singular Plural
1st person nachuma twachuma
2nd person wachuma mwachuma
3rd person m-wa(I/II) achuma wachuma
m-mi(III/IV) wachuma yachuma
ji-ma(V/VI) lachuma yachuma
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chachuma vyachuma
n(IX/X) yachuma zachuma
u(XI) wachuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwachuma
pa(XVI) pachuma
mu(XVIII) mwachuma
Perfect positive subject concord + -mechuma
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshachuma
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jachuma
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kichuma
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipochuma
Consecutive kachuma / positive subject concord + -kachuma
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kachume
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nichuma -tuchuma
2nd person -kuchuma -wachuma/-kuchumeni/-wachumeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mchuma -wachuma
m-mi(III/IV) -uchuma -ichuma
ji-ma(V/VI) -lichuma -yachuma
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kichuma -vichuma
n(IX/X) -ichuma -zichuma
u(XI) -uchuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuchuma
pa(XVI) -pachuma
mu(XVIII) -muchuma
Reflexive -jichuma
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -chuma- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -chumaye -chumao
m-mi(III/IV) -chumao -chumayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -chumalo -chumayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chumacho -chumavyo
n(IX/X) -chumayo -chumazo
u(XI) -chumao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -chumako
pa(XVI) -chumapo
mu(XVIII) -chumamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -chuma)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yechuma -ochuma
m-mi(III/IV) -ochuma -yochuma
ji-ma(V/VI) -lochuma -yochuma
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chochuma -vyochuma
n(IX/X) -yochuma -zochuma
u(XI) -ochuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kochuma
pa(XVI) -pochuma
mu(XVIII) -mochuma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References
  • Klein-Arendt, Reinhard (2000), “The Iron Crafts of the Swahili from the Perspective of Historical Semantics”, in Swahili Forum‎, volume 7, pages 153–204

Xhosa

Verb

-chuma?

  1. flourish

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zimba

Etymology

From Swahili chuma.

Noun

chuma

  1. iron (chemical element)
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