crâner
French
Etymology
From crâne (“reckless, bold person”) + -er, from the same word meaning "skull, cranium," probably in reference to a reckless person driving forward with the head leading, similar to Spanish calavera (“reckless person, libertine”).
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of crâner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | crâner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | crânant /kʁa.nɑ̃/ or /kʁɑ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | crâné /kʁa.ne/ or /kʁɑ.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crâne /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
crânes /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
crâne /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
crânons /kʁa.nɔ̃/ or /kʁɑ.nɔ̃/ |
crânez /kʁa.ne/ or /kʁɑ.ne/ |
crânent /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
| imperfect | crânais /kʁa.nɛ/ or /kʁɑ.nɛ/ |
crânais /kʁa.nɛ/ or /kʁɑ.nɛ/ |
crânait /kʁa.nɛ/ or /kʁɑ.nɛ/ |
crânions /kʁa.njɔ̃/ or /kʁɑ.njɔ̃/ |
crâniez /kʁa.nje/ or /kʁɑ.nje/ |
crânaient /kʁa.nɛ/ or /kʁɑ.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | crânai /kʁa.ne/ or /kʁɑ.ne/ |
crânas /kʁa.na/ or /kʁɑ.na/ |
crâna /kʁa.na/ or /kʁɑ.na/ |
crânâmes /kʁa.nam/ or /kʁɑ.nam/ |
crânâtes /kʁa.nat/ or /kʁɑ.nat/ |
crânèrent /kʁa.nɛʁ/ or /kʁɑ.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | crânerai /kʁan.ʁe/ or /kʁɑn.ʁe/ |
crâneras /kʁan.ʁa/ or /kʁɑn.ʁa/ |
crânera /kʁan.ʁa/ or /kʁɑn.ʁa/ |
crânerons /kʁan.ʁɔ̃/ or /kʁɑn.ʁɔ̃/ |
crânerez /kʁan.ʁe/ or /kʁɑn.ʁe/ |
crâneront /kʁan.ʁɔ̃/ or /kʁɑn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | crânerais /kʁan.ʁɛ/ or /kʁɑn.ʁɛ/ |
crânerais /kʁan.ʁɛ/ or /kʁɑn.ʁɛ/ |
crânerait /kʁan.ʁɛ/ or /kʁɑn.ʁɛ/ |
crânerions /kʁa.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /kʁɑ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
crâneriez /kʁa.nə.ʁje/ or /kʁɑ.nə.ʁje/ |
crâneraient /kʁan.ʁɛ/ or /kʁɑn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | crâne /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
crânes /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
crâne /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
crânions /kʁa.njɔ̃/ or /kʁɑ.njɔ̃/ |
crâniez /kʁa.nje/ or /kʁɑ.nje/ |
crânent /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
| imperfect2 | crânasse /kʁa.nas/ or /kʁɑ.nas/ |
crânasses /kʁa.nas/ or /kʁɑ.nas/ |
crânât /kʁa.na/ or /kʁɑ.na/ |
crânassions /kʁa.na.sjɔ̃/ or /kʁɑ.na.sjɔ̃/ |
crânassiez /kʁa.na.sje/ or /kʁɑ.na.sje/ |
crânassent /kʁa.nas/ or /kʁɑ.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | crâne /kʁan/ or /kʁɑn/ |
— | crânons /kʁa.nɔ̃/ or /kʁɑ.nɔ̃/ |
crânez /kʁa.ne/ or /kʁɑ.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “crâner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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