cruaigh

Irish

Alternative forms

cruadhuigh (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish crúadaigid. By surface analysis, crua +‎ -igh.

Verb

cruaigh (present analytic cruann, future analytic cruafaidh, verbal noun cruachan, past participle cruaite)

(transitive, intransitive) to harden, stiffen, toughen, toughen up
(intransitive) to set (solidify), firm up (become firmer in consistency), congeal
Synonyms: stalc, téacht
(intransitive) to harden (become less sensitive), grow callous
Chruaigh a chroí.
His heart hardened, he grew hard-hearted
(intransitive) to become hard, difficult
Chruaigh an saol le linn an chogaidh.
Life became hard during the war.

Conjugation

First Conjugation (C)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	cruaim	cruann tú; cruair^†	cruann sé, sí	cruaimid	cruann sibh	cruann siad; cruaid^†	a chruann; a chruas / a gcruann; a gcruas	cruaitear
	past	chruaigh mé; chruas	chruaigh tú; chruais	chruaigh sé, sí	chruamar; chruaigh muid	chruaigh sibh; chruabhair	chruaigh siad; chruadar	a chruaigh / ar chruaigh*	cruadh
	past habitual	chruainn / gcruainn‡‡	chruaiteá / gcruaiteá‡‡	chruadh sé, sí / gcruadh sé, sí‡‡	chruaimis; chruadh muid / gcruaimis‡‡; gcruadh muid‡‡	chruadh sibh / gcruadh sibh‡‡	chruaidís; chruadh siad / gcruaidís‡‡; gcruadh siad‡‡	a chruadh / a gcruadh*	chruaití / gcruaití‡‡
	future	cruafidh mé; cruafead	cruafidh tú; cruafir^†	cruafidh sé, sí	cruafimid; cruafidh muid	cruafidh sibh	cruafidh siad; cruafid^†	a chruafidh; a chruafeas / a gcruafidh; a gcruafeas	cruafear
conditional		chruafinn / gcruafinn‡‡	chruafeá / gcruafeá‡‡	chruafeadh sé, sí / gcruafeadh sé, sí‡‡	chruafimis; chruafeadh muid / gcruafimis‡‡; gcruafeadh muid‡‡	chruafeadh sibh / gcruafeadh sibh‡‡	chruafidís; chruafeadh siad / gcruafidís‡‡; gcruafeadh siad‡‡	a chruafeadh / a gcruafeadh*	chruafí / gcruafí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go gcrua mé; go gcruad^†	go gcrua tú; go gcruair^†	go gcrua sé, sí	go gcruaimid; go gcrua muid	go gcrua sibh	go gcrua siad; go gcruaid^†	—	go gcruaitear
subjunctive	past	dá gcruainn	dá gcruaiteá	dá gcruadh sé, sí	dá gcruaimis; dá gcruadh muid	dá gcruadh sibh	dá gcruaidís; dá gcruadh siad	—	dá gcruaití
imperative		cruaim	cruaigh	cruadh sé, sí	cruaimis	cruaigí; cruaidh^†	cruaidís	—	cruaitear
verbal noun		crua
past participle		cruaite

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cruaigh	chruaigh	gcruaigh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.