delven
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch delven, from Old Dutch *delvan, from Proto-West Germanic *delban, from Proto-Germanic *delbaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɛlvə(n)/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: del‧ven
- Rhymes: -ɛlvən
Inflection
| Inflection of delven (strong class 3b) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | delven | |||
| past singular | dolf | |||
| past participle | gedolven | |||
| infinitive | delven | |||
| gerund | delven n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | delf | dolf | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | delft | dolf | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | delft | dolf | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | delft | dolft | ||
| 3rd person singular | delft | dolf | ||
| plural | delven | dolven | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | delve | dolve | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | delven | dolven | ||
| imperative sing. | delf | |||
| imperative plur.1 | delft | |||
| participles | delvend | gedolven | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
| Inflection of delven (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | delven | |||
| past singular | delfde | |||
| past participle | gedelfd | |||
| infinitive | delven | |||
| gerund | delven n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | delf | delfde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | delft | delfde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | delft | delfde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | delft | delfde | ||
| 3rd person singular | delft | delfde | ||
| plural | delven | delfden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | delve | delfde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | delven | delfden | ||
| imperative sing. | delf | |||
| imperative plur.1 | delft | |||
| participles | delvend | gedelfd | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Derived terms
- bedelven
- delfstof
- het onderspit delven
- indelven
- omdelven
- ontdelven
- opdelven
- uitdelven
- verdelven
Related terms
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *delvan, from Proto-West Germanic *delban, from Proto-Germanic *delbaną.
Inflection
| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | delven | |
| 3rd sg. past | dalf | |
| 3rd pl. past | dolven | |
| Past participle | gedolven | |
| Infinitive | delven | |
| In genitive | delvens | |
| In dative | delvene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | delve | dalf |
| 2nd singular | delfs, delves | dolfs, dolves |
| 3rd singular | delft, delvet | dalf |
| 1st plural | delven | dolven |
| 2nd plural | delft, delvet | dolft, dolvet |
| 3rd plural | delven | dolven |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | delve | dolve |
| 2nd singular | delfs, delves | dolves |
| 3rd singular | delve | dolve |
| 1st plural | delven | dolven |
| 2nd plural | delft, delvet | dolvet |
| 3rd plural | delven | dolven |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | delf, delve | |
| Plural | delft, delvet | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | delvende | gedolven |
Descendants
- Dutch: delven
- Limburgish: dèlve
Further reading
- “delven (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “delven”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English delfan, from Proto-West Germanic *delban, from Proto-Germanic *delbaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɛlvən/
Verb
delven
- To dig or delve; to remove earth:
- To retrieve or access via digging.
- To furrow; to dig for an agricultural purpose.
- 1381 June 12, John Ball, Sermon at Blackheath:
- Whan Adam dalf, and Eve span; / Wo was thanne a gentilman?
- When Adam delved and Eve spun; / Who was a nobleman then?
-
- To install or integrate; to dig in.
- To entomb; to dig a tomb or prepare a burial.
- (rare) To penetrate the depths of something.
Conjugation
Conjugation of delven (strong class 3 or weak in -ed)
| infinitive | (to) delven, delve | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | delve | dalf, delved | |
| 2nd-person singular | delvest | dolve, dalf, delvedest | |
| 3rd-person singular | delveth | dalf, delved | |
| subjunctive singular | delve | dolve1, delved1 | |
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural2 | delven, delve | dolven, dolve, delveden, delvede | |
| imperative plural | delveth, delve | — | |
| participles | delvynge, delvende | dolven, delved, ydolven, ydelved | |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Related terms
References
- “delven, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-09.
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