dhuku

Caribbean Hindustani

Noun

dhuku

  1. money

See also

Javanese

Romanization

dhuku

  1. Romanization of ꦝꦸꦏꦸ

Shona

Etymology

From Afrikaans doek.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈd̤ú.ku/

Noun

dhúku class 5 (plural madhúku class 6)

  1. head tie

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ذَاقَ‎ (ḏāqa, “to taste”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-dhuku (infinitive kudhuku)

  1. taste

Conjugation
Conjugation of -dhuku
Positive present -nadhuku
Subjunctive -dhuku
Negative -dhuku
Imperative singular dhuku
Infinitives
Positive kudhuku
Negative kutodhuku
Imperatives
Singular dhuku
Plural dhukuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudhuku
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidhuku
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudhuku
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadhuku/nadhuku tunadhuku
2nd person unadhuku mnadhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadhuku wanadhuku
other classes positive subject concord + -nadhuku
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person sidhuku hatudhuku
2nd person hudhuku hamdhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadhuku hawadhuku
other classes negative subject concord + -dhuku
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadhuku
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadhuku
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person nidhuku tudhuku
2nd person udhuku mdhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhuku wadhuku
other classes positive subject concord + -dhuku
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidhuku
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedhuku
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedhuku
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidhuku
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidhuku
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person nadhuku twadhuku
2nd person wadhuku mwadhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhuku wadhuku
m-mi(III/IV) wadhuku yadhuku
ji-ma(V/VI) ladhuku yadhuku
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadhuku vyadhuku
n(IX/X) yadhuku zadhuku
u(XI) wadhuku see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadhuku
pa(XVI) padhuku
mu(XVIII) mwadhuku
Perfect positive subject concord + -medhuku
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadhuku
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadhuku
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidhuku
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodhuku
Consecutive kadhuku / positive subject concord + -kadhuku
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadhuku
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidhuku -tudhuku
2nd person -kudhuku -wadhuku/-kudhukuni/-wadhukuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdhuku -wadhuku
m-mi(III/IV) -udhuku -idhuku
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidhuku -yadhuku
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidhuku -vidhuku
n(IX/X) -idhuku -zidhuku
u(XI) -udhuku see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudhuku
pa(XVI) -padhuku
mu(XVIII) -mudhuku
Reflexive -jidhuku
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhuku- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dhukuye -dhukuo
m-mi(III/IV) -dhukuo -dhukuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -dhukulo -dhukuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dhukucho -dhukuvyo
n(IX/X) -dhukuyo -dhukuzo
u(XI) -dhukuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -dhukuko
pa(XVI) -dhukupo
mu(XVIII) -dhukumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhuku)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedhuku -odhuku
m-mi(III/IV) -odhuku -yodhuku
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodhuku -yodhuku
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodhuku -vyodhuku
n(IX/X) -yodhuku -zodhuku
u(XI) -odhuku see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodhuku
pa(XVI) -podhuku
mu(XVIII) -modhuku
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References
  1. Kees Versteegh (2011) The Word in Arabic‎, volume 62, Brill, page 218: “An important piece of evidence for this thesis is the form in which Arabic weak verbs were borrowed in Swahili (Schwarz 2004: 74): dhuku (< Arabic ḏāqa, imperative ḏuq) ‘to taste’;”
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