edrych
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh edrych, from Proto-Brythonic *ėddrɨxɨd, from Proto-Celtic *ati-driketi, from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *derḱ-. As with the noun drych, the x for expected g arose under the influence of related terms in *derx- from the full grade *derḱ-.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɛdrɨ̞χ/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɛdraχ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɛdrɪχ/
- Rhymes: -ɛdrɨ̞χ
Verb
edrych (first-person singular present edrychaf)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | edrychaf | edrychi | edrych | edrychwn | edrychwch | edrychant | edrychir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
edrychwn | edrychit | edrychai | edrychem | edrychech | edrychent | edrychid | |
| preterite | edrychais | edrychaist | edrychodd | edrychasom | edrychasoch | edrychasant | edrychwyd | |
| pluperfect | edrychaswn | edrychasit | edrychasai | edrychasem | edrychasech | edrychasent | edrychasid, edrychesid | |
| present subjunctive | edrychwyf | edrychych | edrycho | edrychom | edrychoch | edrychont | edrycher | |
| imperative | — | edrych | edryched | edrychwn | edrychwch | edrychent | edrycher | |
| verbal noun | edrych | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | edrychedig edrychadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | edrycha i, edrychaf i | edrychi di | edrychith o/e/hi, edrychiff e/hi | edrychwn ni | edrychwch chi | edrychan nhw |
| conditional | edrychwn i, edrychswn i | edrychet ti, edrychset ti | edrychai fo/fe/hi, edrychsai fo/fe/hi | edrychen ni, edrychsen ni | edrychech chi, edrychsech chi | edrychen nhw, edrychsen nhw |
| preterite | edrychais i, edryches i | edrychaist ti, edrychest ti | edrychodd o/e/hi | edrychon ni | edrychoch chi | edrychon nhw |
| imperative | — | edrycha | — | — | edrychwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | drycha i, drychaf i | drychi di | drychith o/e/hi, drychiff e/hi | drychwn ni | drychwch chi | drychan nhw |
| conditional | drychwn i, drychswn i | drychet ti, drychset ti | drychai fo/fe/hi, drychsai fo/fe/hi | drychen ni, drychsen ni | drychech chi, drychsech chi | drychen nhw, drychsen nhw |
| preterite | drychais i, dryches i | drychaist ti, drychest ti | drychodd o/e/hi | drychon ni | drychoch chi | drychon nhw |
| imperative | — | drycha | — | — | drychwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Related terms
- drych (“mirror”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| edrych | unchanged | unchanged | hedrych |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “edrychaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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