esforcier

Old French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *exfortiāre, ultimately from Latin fortis (“strong”).

Verb

esforcier

  1. to try; to make a large effort
  2. to use force
  3. to rape
  4. to fortify; to reinforce
  5. to force (someone to do something)
  6. (reflexive, s'esforcier) to try; to attempt
    • 13th Century, Author unknown, Le Vilain mire:
      Et la pucele qui ce voit,
      A tout le mal qu'ele sentoit,
      Vout rire, si s'en esforça
      Que de la bouche li vola
      L'areste hors enz el brasier.
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • circa 1250, Rutebeuf, Ci encoumence la vie de Sainte Elyzabel, fille au roi de Hongrie:
      Sachiez, ce mes oncles m'esforce
      Que je preigne mari a force,
      Je m'enfuirai en aucun leu
      Know that if my uncle forces me
      To take a husband against my will
      I will flee to any place [but here]

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -ier, with a palatal stem. These verbs are conjugated mostly like verbs in -er, but there is an extra i before the e of some endings. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of esforcier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive esforcier avoir esforcié
gerund en esforçant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle esforçant
past participle esforcié
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present esforz esforces esforce esforçons esforciez esforcent
imperfect esforçoie, esforceie, esforçoe, esforcieve esforçoies, esforceies, esforçoes, esforcieves esforçoit, esforceit, esforçot, esforcieve esforciiens, esforciens esforciiez, esforciez esforçoient, esforceient, esforçoent, esforcievent
preterite esforçai esforças esforça esforçames esforçastes esforcierent
future esforcerai esforceras esforcera esforcerons esforceroiz, esforcereiz, esforcerez esforceront
conditional esforceroie, esforcereie esforceroies, esforcereies esforceroit, esforcereit esforceriiens, esforceriens esforceriiez, esforceriez esforceroient, esforcereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present esforz esforz esforzt esforçons esforciez esforcent
imperfect esforçasse esforçasses esforçast esforcissons, esforcissiens esforcissoiz, esforcissez, esforcissiez esforçassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— esforce — esforçons esforciez —

Derived terms

Descendants
  • French: efforcer

References

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