espirer

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin spīrāre, present active infinitive of spīrō[1]. Compare Spanish espirar, cf. also Italian ispirare. The form enspirer was influenced by Latin inspīrāre.

Verb

espirer

  1. to breathe in
  2. (figuratively or of God) to breathe life into
  3. (figuratively, by extension) to inspire; to bring about creativity or motivation

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of espirer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive espirer avoir espiré
gerund en espirant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle espirant
past participle espiré
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present espir espires espire espirons espirez espirent
imperfect espiroie, espireie, espiroe, espireve espiroies, espireies, espiroes, espireves espiroit, espireit, espirot, espireve espiriiens, espiriens espiriiez, espiriez espiroient, espireient, espiroent, espirevent
preterite espirai espiras espira espirames espirastes espirerent
future espirerai espireras espirera espirerons espireroiz, espirereiz, espirerez espireront
conditional espireroie, espirereie espireroies, espirereies espireroit, espirereit espireriiens, espireriens espireriiez, espireriez espireroient, espirereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present espir espirs espirt espirons espirez espirent
imperfect espirasse espirasses espirast espirissons, espirissiens espirissoiz, espirissez, espirissiez espirassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— espire — espirons espirez —

Descendants
  • French: inspirer
  • → Middle English: enspiren, ensperen

References
  1. Etymology and history of “inspirer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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