estoquer
French
Etymology
From Middle French estoquer, from Old French estoquer, estochier ("to thrust, strike, stab"; compare Old French estoc (“a rapier”)), probably from Middle Dutch stoken (“to jab, thrust, poke”) or Middle High German stoken (“to jab, pierce”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push, thrust”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teug- (“to beat, push”). More at stoke.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɛs.tɔ.ke/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of estoquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | estoquer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | estoquant /ɛs.tɔ.kɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | estoqué /ɛs.tɔ.ke/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estoque /ɛs.tɔk/ |
estoques /ɛs.tɔk/ |
estoque /ɛs.tɔk/ |
estoquons /ɛs.tɔ.kɔ̃/ |
estoquez /ɛs.tɔ.ke/ |
estoquent /ɛs.tɔk/ |
| imperfect | estoquais /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/ |
estoquais /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/ |
estoquait /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/ |
estoquions /ɛs.tɔ.kjɔ̃/ |
estoquiez /ɛs.tɔ.kje/ |
estoquaient /ɛs.tɔ.kɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | estoquai /ɛs.tɔ.ke/ |
estoquas /ɛs.tɔ.ka/ |
estoqua /ɛs.tɔ.ka/ |
estoquâmes /ɛs.tɔ.kam/ |
estoquâtes /ɛs.tɔ.kat/ |
estoquèrent /ɛs.tɔ.kɛʁ/ | |
| future | estoquerai /ɛs.tɔ.kʁe/ |
estoqueras /ɛs.tɔ.kʁa/ |
estoquera /ɛs.tɔ.kʁa/ |
estoquerons /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɔ̃/ |
estoquerez /ɛs.tɔ.kʁe/ |
estoqueront /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | estoquerais /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/ |
estoquerais /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/ |
estoquerait /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/ |
estoquerions /ɛs.tɔ.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
estoqueriez /ɛs.tɔ.kə.ʁje/ |
estoqueraient /ɛs.tɔ.kʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | estoque /ɛs.tɔk/ |
estoques /ɛs.tɔk/ |
estoque /ɛs.tɔk/ |
estoquions /ɛs.tɔ.kjɔ̃/ |
estoquiez /ɛs.tɔ.kje/ |
estoquent /ɛs.tɔk/ |
| imperfect2 | estoquasse /ɛs.tɔ.kas/ |
estoquasses /ɛs.tɔ.kas/ |
estoquât /ɛs.tɔ.ka/ |
estoquassions /ɛs.tɔ.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
estoquassiez /ɛs.tɔ.ka.sje/ |
estoquassent /ɛs.tɔ.kas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | estoque /ɛs.tɔk/ |
— | estoquons /ɛs.tɔ.kɔ̃/ |
estoquez /ɛs.tɔ.ke/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “estoquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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