geindre
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒɛ̃dʁ/
Etymology 1
From Old French giembre, inherited from Latin gemere. Doublet of gémir.
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of geindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | geindre | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | geignant /ʒɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /ʒe.ɲɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | geint /ʒɛ̃/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | geins /ʒɛ̃/ |
geins /ʒɛ̃/ |
geint /ʒɛ̃/ |
geignons /ʒɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ɲɔ̃/ |
geignez /ʒɛ.ɲe/ or /ʒe.ɲe/ |
geignent /ʒɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | geignais /ʒɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʒe.ɲɛ/ |
geignais /ʒɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʒe.ɲɛ/ |
geignait /ʒɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʒe.ɲɛ/ |
geignions /ʒɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ɲjɔ̃/ |
geigniez /ʒɛ.ɲje/ or /ʒe.ɲje/ |
geignaient /ʒɛ.ɲɛ/ or /ʒe.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | geignis /ʒɛ.ɲi/ or /ʒe.ɲi/ |
geignis /ʒɛ.ɲi/ or /ʒe.ɲi/ |
geignit /ʒɛ.ɲi/ or /ʒe.ɲi/ |
geignîmes /ʒɛ.ɲim/ or /ʒe.ɲim/ |
geignîtes /ʒɛ.ɲit/ or /ʒe.ɲit/ |
geignirent /ʒɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /ʒe.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | geindrai /ʒɛ̃.dʁe/ |
geindras /ʒɛ̃.dʁa/ |
geindra /ʒɛ̃.dʁa/ |
geindrons /ʒɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
geindrez /ʒɛ̃.dʁe/ |
geindront /ʒɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | geindrais /ʒɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
geindrais /ʒɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
geindrait /ʒɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
geindrions /ʒɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
geindriez /ʒɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
geindraient /ʒɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | geigne /ʒɛɲ/ |
geignes /ʒɛɲ/ |
geigne /ʒɛɲ/ |
geignions /ʒɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ɲjɔ̃/ |
geigniez /ʒɛ.ɲje/ or /ʒe.ɲje/ |
geignent /ʒɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | geignisse /ʒɛ.ɲis/ or /ʒe.ɲis/ |
geignisses /ʒɛ.ɲis/ or /ʒe.ɲis/ |
geignît /ʒɛ.ɲi/ or /ʒe.ɲi/ |
geignissions /ʒɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
geignissiez /ʒɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /ʒe.ɲi.sje/ |
geignissent /ʒɛ.ɲis/ or /ʒe.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | geins /ʒɛ̃/ |
— | geignons /ʒɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /ʒe.ɲɔ̃/ |
geignez /ʒɛ.ɲe/ or /ʒe.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Etymology 2
From Old French joindre, gaindre (direct case), inherited from Vulgar Latin *jŭnior, from Latin iūnior, jūnior (nominative). Compare Old French gignor (from the Latin accusative). Doublet of junior, a recent borrowing.
Alternative forms
- gindre
Further reading
- “geindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- “gindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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