giùm

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

(misspelling) dùm

Etymology

Shorto (2006): From earlier *rùm, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *rum ~ *ruum (“to help, to lend”); cognate with Mon ရီု (“to help, assist”), Burmese ရိုင်းပင်း (ruing:pang:, “to help”).

Alternatively (Ferlus, 2009): From Proto-Vietic *p-tʃuːm, a prefixed form of Proto-Vietic *tʃuːm (“to gather”), via the changes of /p-tʃuːm/ > /p-ʝuːm/ > /ʝuːm/. The forms of gium (“to help”), giúm (“to help each other”) and giụm (“to put together”) are attested in older dictionaries. Related to xum (“to meet; to get together”, now obsolete), xúm (“to gather; to collect”), chùm (“bunch; cluster”) and chụm (“to assemble; to gather”). Outside Vietic, related to Khmer ប្រជុំ (prɑcum, “to gather; to meet together”) → Thai ประชุม (bprà-chum, “to gather; to meet”).

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zum˨˩]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [jum˦˩]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [jʊm˨˩]

Verb

giùm (用, 𡑓)

(Central Vietnam, Southern Vietnam, placed after the main verb) to do something for someone, to help someone do something

Usage notes

The term is rarely used as a stand-alone verb.

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