gwerthfawrogi
Welsh
Etymology
From gwerthfawr (“valuable”) + -i.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡwɛrθvau̯ˈrɔɡɪ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌɡwɛrθvau̯ˈroːɡi/, /ˌɡwɛrθvau̯ˈrɔɡi/
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | gwerthfawrogaf | gwerthfawrogi | gwerthfawroga | gwerthfawrogwn | gwerthfawrogwch | gwerthfawrogant | gwerthfawrogir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
gwerthfawrogwn | gwerthfawrogit | gwerthfawrogai | gwerthfawrogem | gwerthfawrogech | gwerthfawrogent | gwerthfawrogid | |
| preterite | gwerthfawrogais | gwerthfawrogaist | gwerthfawrogodd | gwerthfawrogasom | gwerthfawrogasoch | gwerthfawrogasant | gwerthfawrogwyd | |
| pluperfect | gwerthfawrogaswn | gwerthfawrogasit | gwerthfawrogasai | gwerthfawrogasem | gwerthfawrogasech | gwerthfawrogasent | gwerthfawrogasid, gwerthfawrogesid | |
| present subjunctive | gwerthfawrogwyf | gwerthfawrogych | gwerthfawrogo | gwerthfawrogom | gwerthfawrogoch | gwerthfawrogont | gwerthfawroger | |
| imperative | — | gwerthfawroga | gwerthfawroged | gwerthfawrogwn | gwerthfawrogwch | gwerthfawrogent | gwerthfawroger | |
| verbal noun | gwerthfawrogi | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | gwerthfawrogedig gwerthfawrogadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | gwerthfawroga i, gwerthfawrogaf i | gwerthfawrogi di | gwerthfawrogith o/e/hi, gwerthfawrogiff e/hi | gwerthfawrogwn ni | gwerthfawrogwch chi | gwerthfawrogan nhw |
| conditional | gwerthfawrogwn i, gwerthfawrogswn i | gwerthfawroget ti, gwerthfawrogset ti | gwerthfawrogai fo/fe/hi, gwerthfawrogsai fo/fe/hi | gwerthfawrogen ni, gwerthfawrogsen ni | gwerthfawrogech chi, gwerthfawrogsech chi | gwerthfawrogen nhw, gwerthfawrogsen nhw |
| preterite | gwerthfawrogais i, gwerthfawroges i | gwerthfawrogaist ti, gwerthfawrogest ti | gwerthfawrogodd o/e/hi | gwerthfawrogon ni | gwerthfawrogoch chi | gwerthfawrogon nhw |
| imperative | — | gwerthfawroga | — | — | gwerthfawrogwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- gwerthfawrogiad (“appreciation; valuation”)
- gwerthfawrogol (“appreciative”)
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gwerthfawrogi | werthfawrogi | ngwerthfawrogi | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwerthfawrogi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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