hapan

See also: häpän

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *šappa. Cognates include Estonian hapu, Erzya чапамо (čapamo), Moksha шапама (šapama) and possibly Hungarian savanyú. The declension has been levelled to a plain m-stem.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑpɑn]
Rhymes: -ɑpɑn
Syllabification^(key): ha‧pan

Adjective

hapan (comparative happamampi or happamempi, superlative happamin)

sour, acid in taste
sour, peevish, irritable, grumpy, fretful, ill-tempered
(chemistry) acidic, acid
(geology, mineralogy) felsic

Declension

Inflection of hapan (Kotus type 35*B/lämmin, pp-p gradation)
nominative		hapan	happamat
genitive		happaman	happamien
partitive		hapanta	happamia
illative		happamaan	happamiin
		singular	plural
nominative		hapan	happamat
accusative	nom.	hapan	happamat
accusative	gen.	happaman	happamat
genitive		happaman	happamien happamain^rare
partitive		hapanta	happamia
inessive		happamassa	happamissa
elative		happamasta	happamista
illative		happamaan	happamiin
adessive		happamalla	happamilla
ablative		happamalta	happamilta
allative		happamalle	happamille
essive		happamana	happamina
translative		happamaksi	happamiksi
instructive		—	happamin
abessive		happamatta	happamitta
comitative		—	happamine

Possessive forms of hapan (type lämmin)

Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamani	happamani
accusative	nom.	happamani	happamani
accusative	gen.	happamani	happamani
genitive		happamani	happamieni happamaini^rare
partitive		hapantani	happamiani
inessive		happamassani	happamissani
elative		happamastani	happamistani
illative		happamaani	happamiini
adessive		happamallani	happamillani
ablative		happamaltani	happamiltani
allative		happamalleni	happamilleni
essive		happamanani	happaminani
translative		happamakseni	happamikseni
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamattani	happamittani
comitative		—	happamineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamasi	happamasi
accusative	nom.	happamasi	happamasi
accusative	gen.	happamasi	happamasi
genitive		happamasi	happamiesi happamaisi^rare
partitive		hapantasi	happamiasi
inessive		happamassasi	happamissasi
elative		happamastasi	happamistasi
illative		happamaasi	happamiisi
adessive		happamallasi	happamillasi
ablative		happamaltasi	happamiltasi
allative		happamallesi	happamillesi
essive		happamanasi	happaminasi
translative		happamaksesi	happamiksesi
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamattasi	happamittasi
comitative		—	happaminesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamamme	happamamme
accusative	nom.	happamamme	happamamme
accusative	gen.	happamamme	happamamme
genitive		happamamme	happamiemme happamaimme^rare
partitive		hapantamme	happamiamme
inessive		happamassamme	happamissamme
elative		happamastamme	happamistamme
illative		happamaamme	happamiimme
adessive		happamallamme	happamillamme
ablative		happamaltamme	happamiltamme
allative		happamallemme	happamillemme
essive		happamanamme	happaminamme
translative		happamaksemme	happamiksemme
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamattamme	happamittamme
comitative		—	happaminemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamanne	happamanne
accusative	nom.	happamanne	happamanne
accusative	gen.	happamanne	happamanne
genitive		happamanne	happamienne happamainne^rare
partitive		hapantanne	happamianne
inessive		happamassanne	happamissanne
elative		happamastanne	happamistanne
illative		happamaanne	happamiinne
adessive		happamallanne	happamillanne
ablative		happamaltanne	happamiltanne
allative		happamallenne	happamillenne
essive		happamananne	happaminanne
translative		happamaksenne	happamiksenne
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamattanne	happamittanne
comitative		—	happaminenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamansa	happamansa
accusative	nom.	happamansa	happamansa
accusative	gen.	happamansa	happamansa
genitive		happamansa	happamiensa happamainsa^rare
partitive		hapantaan hapantansa	happamiaan happamiansa
inessive		happamassaan happamassansa	happamissaan happamissansa
elative		happamastaan happamastansa	happamistaan happamistansa
illative		happamaansa	happamiinsa
adessive		happamallaan happamallansa	happamillaan happamillansa
ablative		happamaltaan happamaltansa	happamiltaan happamiltansa
allative		happamalleen happamallensa	happamilleen happamillensa
essive		happamanaan happamanansa	happaminaan happaminansa
translative		happamakseen happamaksensa	happamikseen happamiksensa
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamattaan happamattansa	happamittaan happamittansa
comitative		—	happamineen happaminensa

Inflection of hapan (Kotus type 33*B/kytkin, pp-p gradation)
nominative		hapan	happamet
genitive		happamen	happamien hapanten
partitive		hapanta	happamia
illative		happameen	happamiin
		singular	plural
nominative		hapan	happamet
accusative	nom.	hapan	happamet
accusative	gen.	happamen	happamet
genitive		happamen	happamien hapanten
partitive		hapanta	happamia
inessive		happamessa	happamissa
elative		happamesta	happamista
illative		happameen	happamiin
adessive		happamella	happamilla
ablative		happamelta	happamilta
allative		happamelle	happamille
essive		happamena	happamina
translative		happameksi	happamiksi
instructive		—	happamin
abessive		happametta	happamitta
comitative		—	happamine

Possessive forms of hapan (type kytkin)

Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.

first-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happameni	happameni
accusative	nom.	happameni	happameni
accusative	gen.	happameni	happameni
genitive		happameni	happamieni hapanteni
partitive		hapantani	happamiani
inessive		happamessani	happamissani
elative		happamestani	happamistani
illative		happameeni	happamiini
adessive		happamellani	happamillani
ablative		happameltani	happamiltani
allative		happamelleni	happamilleni
essive		happamenani	happaminani
translative		happamekseni	happamikseni
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamettani	happamittani
comitative		—	happamineni

second-person singular possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamesi	happamesi
accusative	nom.	happamesi	happamesi
accusative	gen.	happamesi	happamesi
genitive		happamesi	happamiesi hapantesi
partitive		hapantasi	happamiasi
inessive		happamessasi	happamissasi
elative		happamestasi	happamistasi
illative		happameesi	happamiisi
adessive		happamellasi	happamillasi
ablative		happameltasi	happamiltasi
allative		happamellesi	happamillesi
essive		happamenasi	happaminasi
translative		happameksesi	happamiksesi
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamettasi	happamittasi
comitative		—	happaminesi

first-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamemme	happamemme
accusative	nom.	happamemme	happamemme
accusative	gen.	happamemme	happamemme
genitive		happamemme	happamiemme hapantemme
partitive		hapantamme	happamiamme
inessive		happamessamme	happamissamme
elative		happamestamme	happamistamme
illative		happameemme	happamiimme
adessive		happamellamme	happamillamme
ablative		happameltamme	happamiltamme
allative		happamellemme	happamillemme
essive		happamenamme	happaminamme
translative		happameksemme	happamiksemme
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamettamme	happamittamme
comitative		—	happaminemme

second-person plural possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamenne	happamenne
accusative	nom.	happamenne	happamenne
accusative	gen.	happamenne	happamenne
genitive		happamenne	happamienne hapantenne
partitive		hapantanne	happamianne
inessive		happamessanne	happamissanne
elative		happamestanne	happamistanne
illative		happameenne	happamiinne
adessive		happamellanne	happamillanne
ablative		happameltanne	happamiltanne
allative		happamellenne	happamillenne
essive		happamenanne	happaminanne
translative		happameksenne	happamiksenne
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamettanne	happamittanne
comitative		—	happaminenne

third-person possessor
		singular	plural
nominative		happamensa	happamensa
accusative	nom.	happamensa	happamensa
accusative	gen.	happamensa	happamensa
genitive		happamensa	happamiensa hapantensa
partitive		hapantaan hapantansa	happamiaan happamiansa
inessive		happamessaan happamessansa	happamissaan happamissansa
elative		happamestaan happamestansa	happamistaan happamistansa
illative		happameensa	happamiinsa
adessive		happamellaan happamellansa	happamillaan happamillansa
ablative		happameltaan happameltansa	happamiltaan happamiltansa
allative		happamelleen happamellensa	happamilleen happamillensa
essive		happamenaan happamenansa	happaminaan happaminansa
translative		happamekseen happameksensa	happamikseen happamiksensa
instructive		—	—
abessive		happamettaan happamettansa	happamittaan happamittansa
comitative		—	happamineen happaminensa

Derived terms

adverbs: happamasti
nouns: happamuus, happo
adjectives: hapokas
verbs: hapata, hapantua

Compounds

Anagrams

pahan, pahna

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hap'oin. Cognates include Finnish hapan and Estonian hapu.

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑpɑn]

(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpɑn/, [ˈhɑb̥ɑn]

Rhymes: -ɑpɑn

Hyphenation: ha‧pan

Adjective

hapan

sour

Declension

Declension of hapan (type 15/hapan, p-pp gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	hapan	happamat
genitive	happaman	happamiin
partitive	hapanta, hapant	happamia
illative	happamaa	happamii
inessive	happamaas	happamiis
elative	happamast	happamist
allative	happamalle	happamille
adessive	happamaal	happamiil
ablative	happamalt	happamilt
translative	happamaks	happamiks
essive	happamanna, happamaan	happaminna, happamiin
exessive¹⁾	happamant	happamint
¹⁾ obsolete ^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka^? or -kä^? to the genitive.

Derived terms

hapata
happo

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 40

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