induna
English
Alternative forms
- inDuna
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ɪnˈduːnə/
Noun
induna (plural indunas or izinduna)
- A South African tribal councillor or headman (under the king); someone in authority, a boss.
- 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus, published 2010, page 75:
- Although we swore this fellow to secrecy, he went straight to the induna and revealed our secret.
-
Maltese
Alternative forms
- nduna (chiefly informal, after a vowel)
Etymology
Borrowed from Sicilian *indunàrisi, obsolete form of addunàrisi, from Old Occitan. Compare Catalan endonar-se alongside usual adonar-se.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪnˈduː.na/
Conjugation
| Conjugation of induna | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| perfect | m | indunajt | indunajt | induna | indunajna | indunajtu | indunaw | |
| f | indunat | |||||||
| imperfect | m | ninduna | tinduna | jinduna | nindunaw | tindunaw | jindunaw | |
| f | tinduna | |||||||
| imperative | induna | indunaw | ||||||
Northern Ndebele
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Sardinian
Alternative forms
- indua (Campidanese)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /inˈduna/
References
- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Southern Ndebele
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Xhosa
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
FWOTD – 8 October 2016
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /índúːna/
Inflection
| Class 9/10 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Full form | induna | izinduna | ||
| Locative | enduneni | ezinduneni | ||
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Full form | induna | izinduna | ||
| Simple form | nduna | zinduna | ||
| Locative | enduneni | ezinduneni | ||
| Copulative | yinduna | yizinduna | ||
| Possessive forms | ||||
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Modifier | Substantive | Modifier | Substantive | |
| Class 1 | wenduna | owenduna | wezinduna | owezinduna |
| Class 2 | benduna | abenduna | bezinduna | abezinduna |
| Class 3 | wenduna | owenduna | wezinduna | owezinduna |
| Class 4 | yenduna | eyenduna | yezinduna | eyezinduna |
| Class 5 | lenduna | elenduna | lezinduna | elezinduna |
| Class 6 | enduna | awenduna | ezinduna | awezinduna |
| Class 7 | senduna | esenduna | sezinduna | esezinduna |
| Class 8 | zenduna | ezenduna | zezinduna | ezezinduna |
| Class 9 | yenduna | eyenduna | yezinduna | eyezinduna |
| Class 10 | zenduna | ezenduna | zezinduna | ezezinduna |
| Class 11 | lwenduna | olwenduna | lwezinduna | olwezinduna |
| Class 14 | benduna | obenduna | bezinduna | obezinduna |
| Class 15 | kwenduna | okwenduna | kwezinduna | okwezinduna |
| Class 17 | kwenduna | okwenduna | kwezinduna | okwezinduna |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-duna”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-duna (2.4.9)”
- Daniel Silverman (1996). Tone Displacement in Zulu, and the Maintenance of Contrasts. San Diego, CA.
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