jtn

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈjaːtin/ → /ˈjaːtin/ → /ˈjaːtəj/ → /ˈjoːtəj/

Noun
it
n

 m

  1. the disc of any celestial body, including the sun, the moon, the stars, and the planets
  2. the Aten; the disc of the sun in particular, often as the manifestation of the solar god
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 19–20:
      Sn t
      n      		 W
      D40
      n      		 iT
      n
      ra      		 Xr
      r      		 sx
      r
      Z2
      f      		 mH
      t
      TAw      		 it
      r
      N36      		 n
      U19
      nw      		 wiiN35B
      N36      		 xt
      t Z1
      n      		 anxHn
      Z2ss      		 M7t M39
      nb
      t
      šnwt n(j) jṯn ẖr sḫrw.f mḥ(y)t jtr(w) nwy ḫt n(j) ꜥnḫ rnp(w)t nbt
      What the sun disk encircles is under his directions, the north wind, the river, and water, grain and all fresh plants.
Inflection
Declension of jtn (masculine)
singular jtn
dual jtnwj
plural jtnw
Derived terms

Pronunciation

Verb
it
n		 A24

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to set oneself against, to oppose
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.1–2.2:
      maA
      a      		 AY1ibZ1kHrZ1xpSxpSA24mHr
      r      		 ibDAAmA17AA1
      Z2      		 k
      z
      zA      		 AWA47A24it
      n      		 D20A24k
      (j)m ꜥꜣ jb.k ḥr ḫpš m ḥr(j) jb ḏꜣmw.k zꜣw jtn.k
      Don’t grow arrogant (lit. don’t make your heart big) on account of (your) strength in the midst of your cohort, lest you be challenged.
  2. (transitive) to contradict
Inflection
Conjugation of jtn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jtn, geminated stem: jtnn
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jtn
 jtnw, jtn
 jtnt
 jtn
 jtn
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jtn
 ḥr jtn
 m jtn
 r jtn
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jtn.n
 jtnw, jtn
 consecutive jtn.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jtnt
perfective3 jtn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 jtn.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jtn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jtn
 jtnn
 potentialis1 jtn.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jtn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jtn.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jtn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jtn
 jtn, jtnw5, jtny5
imperfective jtn, jtny, jtnw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jtn, jtnj6, jtny6
 jtn, jtnw5
prospective jtn, jtntj7
 — jtntj4, jtnt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

References
  • von Lieven, Alexandra (2001) “Scheiben am Himmel — Zur Bedeutung von ı͗tn und ı͗tn.t” in Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, volume 29, pages 277–282
  • Miatello, Luca (2014) “On the Etymology of jtn and the Solar Iconography” in Göttinger Miszellen 242, pages 71–87
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.
  1. Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 757, →ISBN
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