ka- -an

Kangean

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ka an/

Circumfix

ka- -an

  1. -ness; appended to adjectives to form abstract nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)".
    kabecekan ― kindness
    kakarepan ― eagerness
    kaleburan ― loveliness
    kanyamanan ― palatableness
  2. -ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union.
    kasaraan ― hardship
  3. -ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.
    kalempongan ― perplexity
  4. Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.
    kadipatenan ― duchy

Circumfix

ka- -an

  1. -ed; to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases.
    ‎takok (“fright”) + ‎ka- -an → ‎katakokan (“frightened”)
    ‎tagersok (“shock”) + ‎ka- -an → ‎katagersokan (“shocked”)

Circumfix

ka- -an

  1. (usually colloquial) adjective forming for very [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun.
    ‎raje (“huge”) + ‎ka- -an → ‎karajean (“too big”)
    ‎dumik (“small”) + ‎ka- -an → ‎kadumikan (“too small”)
    ‎seang (“midday”) + ‎ka- -an → ‎kaseangan (“too late; overslept”)

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an (compare Malay ke- -an).

Circumfix

ka- -an (Baybayin spelling ᜃ ᜀᜈ᜔)

  1. Used to form abstract nouns.
    ka- -an + payapa (“peaceful”) = kapayapaan (“peace”)
    ka- -an + malay (“awareness”) = kamalayan (“consciousness”)
  2. Used to form nouns indicating a larger location.
    ka- -an + gubat (“woods”) = kagubatan (“forest”)
    ka- -an + dagat (“sea”) = karagatan (“ocean”)
  3. Used to form proper nouns indicating a domain of a people or place.
    ka- -an + Tagalog (“Tagalog”) = Katagalugan (“Tagalog lands”)
    ka- -an + Bisaya (“Visayan”) = Kabisayaan (“Visayas”)
    ka- -an + Maynila (“Manila”) = Kamaynilaan (“Metro Manila”)

Usage notes

Derived terms
Tagalog terms circumfixed with ka- -an
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