kluss
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *klus-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to sound, to hear”) (whence klausīt (“to obey”), q.v., klausīties (“to listen”), klust (“to be silent”), more frequently apklust), with an extra -s. The semantic evolution of klust, and consequently also of kluss, was probably: “to hear” > “to listen” > “to be quiet (in order to listen).” Cognates include Lithuanian klùsas (“hard of hearing, deaf”), klusùs (“hearing”), klùsti (“to obey, to be obedient”), Old Prussian poklusman (“hearing, obedient”) (neut. pl. nom.).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [klus]
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Adjective
kluss (definite klusais, comparative klusāks, superlative visklusākais, adverb klusi, klusu, klusām)
- (of sounds) soft, quiet, silent (barely hearable, weak, not loud)
- klusa dziesma, mūzika ― quiet song, music
- runāt klusā balsī ― to talk in a soft, quiet voice
- klusi soļi ― quiet steps
- kluss sauciens ― silent cry, call
- (of placess, moments) quiet, silent (where, when there are no loud sounds; where, when there are no sounds)
- dienā ciems bija pavisam kluss ― during the day the village was completely silent
- klusa iela ― quiet street
- vakars bija ļoti kluss ― the night was very quiet
- pekšņi visapkārt kļuva kluss ― suddenly it became quiet everywhere
- (of places) quiet, calm (where there are no crowds, not much traffic)
- kluss pilsētas rajons ― quiet town district
- kluss apvidus ― quiet area, region
- (of people) quiet (not talkative)
- Marta ir klusa un nopietna ― Marta is quiet and serious
- Krišs sēdēja kluss ― Krišs sat quietly, in silence
- (of thoughts, mental states, feelings) quiet, silent (not openly expressed)
- kluss naids ― quiet, silent hatred
- klusa laime ― quiet happiness
- klusas sāpes ― quiet pain
- (of paintings, colors) quiet, calm (without strong contrast, without many nuances, without strong tone differences)
- patīkama akvareļu klusā krāsu saskaņa ― a pleasant, calm watercolor harmony
- (of periods of time, actions) quiet, calm (without special significance, without important events)
- lielajam uzbrukumam sekoja klusas dienas — the big attack was followed by calm, quiet days
- un tad bija bēres: klusas un trūcīgas ― and such was the funeral: quiet and poor
Declension
indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of kluss
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
| nominative (nominatīvs) | kluss | klusi | klusa | klusas | |||||
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | klusu | klusus | klusu | klusas | |||||
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | klusa | klusu | klusas | klusu | |||||
| dative (datīvs) | klusam | klusiem | klusai | klusām | |||||
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | klusu | klusiem | klusu | klusām | |||||
| locative (lokatīvs) | klusā | klusos | klusā | klusās | |||||
| vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Antonyms
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “kluss”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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