lacer
English
French
Etymology
See lacs
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /la.se/
Audio (file) Audio (Switzerland) (file) - Homophone: lasser
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of lacer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | lacer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | laçant /la.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | lacé /la.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lace /las/ |
laces /las/ |
lace /las/ |
laçons /la.sɔ̃/ |
lacez /la.se/ |
lacent /las/ |
| imperfect | laçais /la.sɛ/ |
laçais /la.sɛ/ |
laçait /la.sɛ/ |
lacions /la.sjɔ̃/ |
laciez /la.sje/ |
laçaient /la.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | laçai /la.se/ |
laças /la.sa/ |
laça /la.sa/ |
laçâmes /la.sam/ |
laçâtes /la.sat/ |
lacèrent /la.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | lacerai /la.sʁe/ |
laceras /la.sʁa/ |
lacera /la.sʁa/ |
lacerons /la.sʁɔ̃/ |
lacerez /la.sʁe/ |
laceront /la.sʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | lacerais /la.sʁɛ/ |
lacerais /la.sʁɛ/ |
lacerait /la.sʁɛ/ |
lacerions /la.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
laceriez /la.sə.ʁje/ |
laceraient /la.sʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lace /las/ |
laces /las/ |
lace /las/ |
lacions /la.sjɔ̃/ |
laciez /la.sje/ |
lacent /las/ |
| imperfect2 | laçasse /la.sas/ |
laçasses /la.sas/ |
laçât /la.sa/ |
laçassions /la.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
laçassiez /la.sa.sje/ |
laçassent /la.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | lace /las/ |
— | laçons /la.sɔ̃/ |
lacez /la.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “lacer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *lakeros, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂k- (“to tear, rend”). Cognate with lancinō, Ancient Greek λᾰκίς (lakís).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈla.ker/, [ˈɫ̪äkɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈla.t͡ʃer/, [ˈläːt͡ʃer]
Adjective
lacer (feminine lacera, neuter lacerum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | lacer | lacera | lacerum | lacerī | lacerae | lacera | |
| Genitive | lacerī | lacerae | lacerī | lacerōrum | lacerārum | lacerōrum | |
| Dative | lacerō | lacerō | lacerīs | ||||
| Accusative | lacerum | laceram | lacerum | lacerōs | lacerās | lacera | |
| Ablative | lacerō | lacerā | lacerō | lacerīs | |||
| Vocative | lacer | lacera | lacerum | lacerī | lacerae | lacera | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Italian: lacero
References
- “lacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “lacer”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- lacer in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Old French
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-c, *-cs, *-ct are modified to z, z, zt. In addition, c becomes ç before an a, o or u to keep the /ts/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of lacer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | lacer | avoir lacé | |||||
| gerund | en laçant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | laçant | ||||||
| past participle | lacé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | laz | laces | lace | laçons | lacez | lacent |
| imperfect | laçoie, laceie, laçoe, laceve | laçoies, laceies, laçoes, laceves | laçoit, laceit, laçot, laceve | laciiens, laciens | laciiez, laciez | laçoient, laceient, laçoent, lacevent | |
| preterite | laçai | laças | laça | laçames | laçastes | lacerent | |
| future | lacerai | laceras | lacera | lacerons | laceroiz, lacereiz, lacerez | laceront | |
| conditional | laceroie, lacereie | laceroies, lacereies | laceroit, lacereit | laceriiens, laceriens | laceriiez, laceriez | laceroient, lacereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | laz | laz | lazt | laçons | lacez | lacent |
| imperfect | laçasse | laçasses | laçast | lacissons, lacissiens | lacissoiz, lacissez, lacissiez | laçassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | lace | — | laçons | lacez | — | ||
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