laut
Basque
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lautta, from Proto-Germanic *lautō, *lautiz. Compare Old Norse laut and Old Swedish lȫt. Cognate to Votic lauttõ.
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | laut | laudad |
| genitive | lauda | lautade |
| partitive | lauta | lautu / lautasid |
| illative | lauta / laudasse | lautadesse / laudusse |
| inessive | laudas | lautades |
| elative | laudast | lautadest |
| allative | laudale | lautadele |
| adessive | laudal | lautadel |
| ablative | laudalt | lautadelt |
| translative | laudaks | lautadeks |
| terminative | laudani | lautadeni |
| essive | laudana | lautadena |
| abessive | laudata | lautadeta |
| comitative | laudaga | lautadega |
German
Etymology
From Middle High German and Old High German lūt, akin to Old Saxon hlūd, from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /laʊ̯t/
audio (Germany) (file) audio (Austria) (file)
Adjective
laut (strong nominative masculine singular lauter, comparative lauter, superlative am lautesten)
- loud, noisy
- Synonym: geräuschvoll
- Antonym: leise
Declension
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist laut | sie ist laut | es ist laut | sie sind laut | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauter | laute | lautes | laute |
| genitive | lauten | lauter | lauten | lauter | |
| dative | lautem | lauter | lautem | lauten | |
| accusative | lauten | laute | lautes | laute | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der laute | die laute | das laute | die lauten |
| genitive | des lauten | der lauten | des lauten | der lauten | |
| dative | dem lauten | der lauten | dem lauten | den lauten | |
| accusative | den lauten | die laute | das laute | die lauten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauter | eine laute | ein lautes | (keine) lauten |
| genitive | eines lauten | einer lauten | eines lauten | (keiner) lauten | |
| dative | einem lauten | einer lauten | einem lauten | (keinen) lauten | |
| accusative | einen lauten | eine laute | ein lautes | (keine) lauten | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist lauter | sie ist lauter | es ist lauter | sie sind lauter | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauterer | lautere | lauteres | lautere |
| genitive | lauteren | lauterer | lauteren | lauterer | |
| dative | lauterem | lauterer | lauterem | lauteren | |
| accusative | lauteren | lautere | lauteres | lautere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der lautere | die lautere | das lautere | die lauteren |
| genitive | des lauteren | der lauteren | des lauteren | der lauteren | |
| dative | dem lauteren | der lauteren | dem lauteren | den lauteren | |
| accusative | den lauteren | die lautere | das lautere | die lauteren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauterer | eine lautere | ein lauteres | (keine) lauteren |
| genitive | eines lauteren | einer lauteren | eines lauteren | (keiner) lauteren | |
| dative | einem lauteren | einer lauteren | einem lauteren | (keinen) lauteren | |
| accusative | einen lauteren | eine lautere | ein lauteres | (keine) lauteren | |
Derived terms
Usage notes
The preposition laut governs either the dative or genitive case. Usage with dative has been more common since 1900:
- laut einem Bericht (also: eines Berichts) — according to a report.
The dative case is always used for plural nouns not preceded by an article, determiner, or adjective:
- laut Berichten (not: Berichte) — according to reports.
An isolated noun of the strong declension remains uninflected in the singular:
- laut Bericht (not: Berichts) — according to the report.
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /laʊ̯t/
Declension
| Declension of laut | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
| Weak inflection | nominative | laut | laut | laut | laute |
| accusative | laute | laut | laut | laute | |
| dative | laute | laute | laute | laute | |
| Strong inflection | nominative | lauter | laute | lautes | laute |
| accusative | laute | laute | lautes | laute | |
| dative | lautem | lauter | lautem | laute | |
Further reading
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈløyːt/
- Rhymes: -øyːt
Declension
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlaʊt̪̚]
- Hyphenation: la‧ut
Noun
laut (first-person possessive lautku, second-person possessive lautmu, third-person possessive lautnya)
- sea (body of water)
Compounds
Further reading
- “laut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Kapampangan
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud (compare Ilocano laud (“west”)), from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlaut/, [ˈläː.ut]
- Hyphenation: la‧ut
Derived terms
- kalautan (“depth”)
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /laot/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /laʊt/
- Rhymes: -aot, -ot
Audio (MY) (file)
Noun
laut (Jawi spelling لاٴوت, informal 1st possessive lautku, 2nd possessive lautmu, 3rd possessive lautnya)
Descendants
- Indonesian: laut
References
- "laut" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
- “laut” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.