mꜣꜣ

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare with Arabic أَمَرَ‎ (ʔamara, “to instruct, to show how or what to do”) and Akkadian 𒅆 (amārum, “to look at, to see, to learn by experience”).[1]

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɑʔɑ/
- Conventional anglicization: maa

Verb

2ae gem.

(transitive) to look at, to see (+ m: as)
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 28–30:
  
  mꜣ.sn pt mꜣ.sn tꜣ mꜥkꜣ jb.sn r mꜣ(j)w
  (Whether) they saw sky or they saw land, their minds were more observant than lions.
- c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 179–181:
  
  mꜣ wj r sꜣ sꜣḥ.j tꜣ r sꜣ mꜣ.j dpt.n.j
  See me after setting foot on land, after seeing what I’ve experienced!

Inflection

Conjugation of mꜣꜣ (irregular second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: mꜣ, geminated stem: mꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
mꜣꜣ⁸, mꜣ, mꜣn	mꜣꜣ	mꜣꜣt	mꜣꜣ, mꜣ	mꜣꜣ, mꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
mꜣꜣ, mꜣ	ḥr mꜣꜣ	m mꜣꜣ	r mꜣꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	mꜣ.n, mꜣꜣ.n	mꜣ	consecutive	mꜣ.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	mꜣ.n, mꜣꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	mꜣꜣt
perfective³	mꜣ, mꜣn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	mꜣꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	mꜣꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	mꜣꜣ.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	mꜣꜣ	mꜣꜣ	potentialis¹	mꜣ.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	mꜣꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	mꜣ, mꜣn	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	mꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	mꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	mꜣ	mꜣ, mꜣw⁵, mꜣy⁵
imperfective	mꜣꜣ, mꜣꜣy, mꜣꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	mꜣꜣ, mꜣꜣj⁶, mꜣꜣy⁶	mꜣꜣ, mꜣꜣw⁵
prospective	mꜣ, mꜣtj⁷	—	mꜣꜣtj⁴, mꜣꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Not used before suffix pronouns.

Derived terms

mꜣꜣt-ḥr-nfrw-rꜥ

Noun

m

Inflection

Declension of mꜣꜣ (masculine)

singular	mꜣꜣ
dual	mꜣꜣwj
plural	mꜣꜣw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mꜣꜣ

mꜣw

[New Kingdom]

References

starling.rinet.ru

Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 7.1–10.14
Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 100
Hannig, Rainer (1997) Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch: die Sprache der Pharaonen (2800–950 v. Chr.) (Hannig-Lexica; 1), second edition, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, →ISBN, page 314
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 164–165, 228, 249, 267–268, 314 page 156, 164–165, 228, 249, 267–268, 314.
Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 41

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] starling.rinet.ru