niesen
See also: Niesen
Dutch
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -isən
Inflection
| Inflection of niesen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | niesen | |||
| past singular | nieste | |||
| past participle | geniest | |||
| infinitive | niesen | |||
| gerund | niesen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | nies | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | niest | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | niest | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | niest | nieste | ||
| 3rd person singular | niest | nieste | ||
| plural | niesen | niesten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | niese | nieste | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | niesen | niesten | ||
| imperative sing. | nies | |||
| imperative plur.1 | niest | |||
| participles | niesend | geniest | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
- nießen (rare, reflecting the pronunciation with [s])
Etymology
From Middle High German niesen, from Old High German niosan, from Proto-West Germanic *hneusan, from Proto-Germanic *hneusaną, a variant of *fneusaną. Cognate with Dutch niezen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈniːzən/, [ˈniːzən], [ˈniːzn̩] (standard)
- IPA(key): /ˈniːsən/ (just as common)
audio (file)
Verb
niesen (weak or mixed, third-person singular present niest, past tense nieste, past participle geniest or (rare or humorous) genossen, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to sneeze
Usage notes
- By far the most common past participle is regular geniest. Only this form is correct by standard rules.
- Among those speakers who pronounce the verb with a voiceless [s]-sound, some few use the strong participle genossen, which is more properly that of genießen (“to enjoy”). This usage is most often humorous, otherwise quite rare.
Conjugation
Conjugation of niesen (weak or mixed, auxiliary haben)
| infinitive | niesen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | niesend | ||||
| past participle | geniest genossen1 | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich niese | wir niesen | i | ich niese | wir niesen |
| du niest | ihr niest | du niesest | ihr nieset | ||
| er niest | sie niesen | er niese | sie niesen | ||
| preterite | ich nieste | wir niesten | ii | ich nieste2 | wir niesten2 |
| du niestest | ihr niestet | du niestest2 | ihr niestet2 | ||
| er nieste | sie niesten | er nieste2 | sie niesten2 | ||
| imperative | nies (du) niese (du) |
niest (ihr) | |||
1Rare or humorous.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Composed forms of niesen (weak or mixed, auxiliary haben)
1Rare or humorous.
Related terms
- Niesen (noun)
Further reading
- “niesen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “niesen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “niesen” in Duden online
niesen on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Middle Dutch
Inflection
| Weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | niesen | |
| 3rd sg. past | — | |
| 3rd pl. past | — | |
| Past participle | — | |
| Infinitive | niesen | |
| In genitive | niesens | |
| In dative | niesene | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | niese | — |
| 2nd singular | nies, nieses | — |
| 3rd singular | niest, nieset | — |
| 1st plural | niesen | — |
| 2nd plural | niest, nieset | — |
| 3rd plural | niesen | — |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | niese | — |
| 2nd singular | nies, nieses | — |
| 3rd singular | niese | — |
| 1st plural | niesen | — |
| 2nd plural | niest, nieset | — |
| 3rd plural | niesen | — |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | nies, niese | |
| Plural | niest, nieset | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | niesende | — |
Alternative forms
Descendants
- Dutch: niezen
Further reading
- “niesen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “niesen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
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