oga

See also: OGA, Oga, Ōga, óga, ogā, öga, ọga, -’ogą, and -ʼogą

English

Etymology

From Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief, master”).

Pronunciation

Noun

oga (plural ogas) (West Africa)

  1. A chief, employer, or superior.
    • 2013, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, chapter 50, in Americanah:
      Nigeria is not a nation of sandwich-eating people and his last oga did not eat bread in the afternoon.

Anagrams

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *oka, possibly borrowed from Baltic. Related to Finnish oka, oas.

Noun

oga (genitive oga, partitive oga)

  1. thorn, prickle

Declension
Inflection of oga (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative oga ogad
accusative oga ogad
genitive oga ogade
partitive oga ogasid
illative okka
ogasse		 ogadesse
inessive ogas ogades
elative ogast ogadest
allative ogale ogadele
adessive ogal ogadel
ablative ogalt ogadelt
translative ogaks ogadeks
terminative ogani ogadeni
essive ogana ogadena
abessive ogata ogadeta
comitative ogaga ogadega

Hausa

Etymology

From Yoruba ọ̀gá (“chief”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔò.ɡáː/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ʔò.ɡáː]

Noun

ògā m (possessed form ògan)

  1. boss, someone in charge

Latvian
Ogas

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *wog-, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ṓˀgāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ógeh₂. Cognates include Lithuanian úoga, Old Church Slavonic агода (agoda), and possibly Tocharian B oko.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [uôɡa]

Noun

oga f (4th declension)

  1. berry (small fruits of various species)
    ogu sula ― berry juice
    ogu krūms ― berry bush
    ogu ķekars ― berry bunch
    iet ogās, iet lasīt ogas ― to go pick berries
    ogu laiks ― berry time (season)

Declension
Declension of oga (4th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) oga ogas
accusative (akuzatīvs) ogu ogas
genitive (ģenitīvs) ogas ogu
dative (datīvs) ogai ogām
instrumental (instrumentālis) ogu ogām
locative (lokatīvs) ogā ogās
vocative (vokatīvs) oga ogas

Derived terms

References
  1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “oga”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *augā.

Noun

ōga n

  1. eye

Alternative forms

Descendants
  • Middle Dutch: ôge
    • Dutch: oog
    • Limburgish: oug

Further reading
  • “ōga”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ōgan, from Proto-Germanic *ōganą (“to be afraid”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈoː.ɡɑ/, [ˈoː.ɣɑ]

Noun

ōga m

  1. horror or terror

Declension
Declension of oga (weak)
Case Singular Plural
nominative ōga ōgan
accusative ōgan ōgan
genitive ōgan ōgena
dative ōgan ōgum

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *augā.

Compare Old English ēage, Old Frisian āge, Old Dutch ōga, Old High German ouga, Old Norse auga, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉 (augō).

Noun

ōga n

  1. eye

Descendants
  • Middle Low German: ôge
    • Low German:
      • German Low German:
        Hamburgisch: Oog
        Westphalian:
        (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Äuge
        Lippisch: Auge, Äoge
        Ravensbergisch: äuge (scientific), Auge
        Sauerländisch: Äoge, Auge, Eyege, Ouge, Oue
        Westmünsterländisch: Ooge, Oog
    • Plautdietsch: Uag

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

Verb

-óga (infinitive (Rwanda) kôga or (Rundi) kwôga, perfective -óze)

  1. bathe, immerse

Derived terms
  • -oza (“wash, clean”)

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jóga.

Pronunciation
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-oga (infinitive kuoga)

  1. to wash oneself, to bathe

Usage notes

In some dialects, this verb may conjugate like a monosyllabic verb; see Appendix:Swahili verbs for those conjugated forms.

Conjugation
Conjugation of -oga
Positive present -naoga
Subjunctive -oge
Negative -ogi
Imperative singular oga
Infinitives
Positive kuoga
Negative kutooga
Imperatives
Singular oga
Plural ogeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huoga
Positive past positive subject concord + -lioga
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuoga
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naoga)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaoga/naoga tunaoga
2nd person unaoga mnaoga
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaoga wanaoga
other classes positive subject concord + -naoga
Negative present (negative subject concord + -ogi)
Singular Plural
1st person siogi hatuogi
2nd person huogi hamwogi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haogi hawaogi
other classes negative subject concord + -ogi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taoga
Negative future negative subject concord + -taoga
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -oge)
Singular Plural
1st person nioge tuoge
2nd person uoge mwoge
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aoge waoge
other classes positive subject concord + -oge
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sioge
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeoga
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeoga
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalioga
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalioga
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aoga)
Singular Plural
1st person naoga twaoga
2nd person waoga mwaoga
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aoga waoga
m-mi(III/IV) waoga yaoga
ji-ma(V/VI) laoga yaoga
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaoga vyaoga
n(IX/X) yaoga zaoga
u(XI) waoga see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaoga
pa(XVI) paoga
mu(XVIII) mwaoga
Perfect positive subject concord + -meoga
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaoga
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaoga
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kioga
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipooga
Consecutive kaoga / positive subject concord + -kaoga
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaoge
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nioga -tuoga
2nd person -kuoga -waoga/-kuogeni/-waogeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mwoga -waoga
m-mi(III/IV) -uoga -ioga
ji-ma(V/VI) -lioga -yaoga
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kioga -vioga
n(IX/X) -ioga -zioga
u(XI) -uoga see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuoga
pa(XVI) -paoga
mu(XVIII) -muoga
Reflexive -jioga
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -oga- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -ogaye -ogao
m-mi(III/IV) -ogao -ogayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -ogalo -ogayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -ogacho -ogavyo
n(IX/X) -ogayo -ogazo
u(XI) -ogao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -ogako
pa(XVI) -ogapo
mu(XVIII) -ogamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -oga)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeoga -ooga
m-mi(III/IV) -ooga -yooga
ji-ma(V/VI) -looga -yooga
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chooga -vyooga
n(IX/X) -yooga -zooga
u(XI) -ooga see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kooga
pa(XVI) -pooga
mu(XVIII) -mooga
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
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