paina
'Are'are
    
    
References
    
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Finnish
    
    Pronunciation
    
- Rhymes: -ɑinɑ
Verb
    
paina
Hawaiian
    
    Etymology
    
Compound of pai (“to raise, to lift, to increase, to swell”) + -na (nominalizing suffix; compare English -ing).
Further reading
    
Tagalog
    
    
Votic
    
    Etymology
    
From Proto-Finnic *painadak.
Pronunciation
    
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈpɑi̯nɑː/, [ˈpɑi̯nɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑi̯nɑː
- Hyphenation: pai‧na
Verb
    
paina
Inflection
    
| Conjugation of paina (type III-4/ellä, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | painõn | en painõ | 1st singular | õõn painõnnu | en õõ painõnnu | 
| 2nd singular | painõd | ed painõ | 2nd singular | õõd painõnnu | ed õõ painõnnu | 
| 3rd singular | painõb | eb painõ | 3rd singular | on painõnnu | eb õõ painõnnu | 
| 1st plural | painõmmõ | emmä painõ | 1st plural | öõmmõ painõnnu | emmä õõ painõnnu | 
| 2nd plural | painõttõ | että painõ | 2nd plural | õõttõ painõnnu | että õõ painõnnu | 
| 3rd plural | painõta | eväd painõ | 3rd plural | õlla painõttu | eväd õõ painõttu | 
| impersonal | painõta | eväd painõ | impersonal | õlla painõttu | eväd õõ painõttu | 
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | painõn | en painõnnu | 1st singular | õlin painõnnu | — | 
| 2nd singular | painõd | ed painõnnu | 2nd singular | õlid painõnnu | — | 
| 3rd singular | painõ | eb painõnnu | 3rd singular | õli painõnnu | — | 
| 1st plural | painõmmõ | emmä painõnnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ painõnnu | — | 
| 2nd plural | painõttõ | että painõnnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ painõnnu | — | 
| 3rd plural | painõtti | eväd painõttu | 3rd plural | õlti painõttu | — | 
| impersonal | painõtti | eväd painõttu | impersonal | õlti painõttu | — | 
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | painaizin | en painaizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin painõnnu | en õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 2nd singular | painaizid | ed painaizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid painõnnu | ed õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 3rd singular | painaizʹ | eb painaizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ painõnnu | eb õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 1st plural | painaizimmõ | emmä painaizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ painõnnu | emmä õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 2nd plural | painaizittõ | että painaizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ painõnnu | että õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 3rd plural | painõttaizʹ | eväd painõttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ painõttu | eväd õltaizʹ painõttu | 
| impersonal | painõttaizʹ | eväd painõttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ painõttu | eväd õltaizʹ painõttu | 
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | painõ | elä painõ | |||
| 3rd singular | painõgo | elko painõgo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | painaga | elka painaga | |||
| 3rd plural | painõgod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | paina | present | painõjõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | painõma | past | painõnnu | painõttu | 
| inessive | painõmõz | ||||
| elative | painõmassõ | ||||
| abessive | painõmattõ | ||||
| Conjugation of paina (type III-3/anta, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | painõn | en painõ | 1st singular | õõn painõnnu | en õõ painõnnu | 
| 2nd singular | painõd | ed painõ | 2nd singular | õõd painõnnu | ed õõ painõnnu | 
| 3rd singular | painõb | eb painõ | 3rd singular | on painõnnu | eb õõ painõnnu | 
| 1st plural | painõmmõ | emmä painõ | 1st plural | öõmmõ painõnnu | emmä õõ painõnnu | 
| 2nd plural | painõttõ | että painõ | 2nd plural | õõttõ painõnnu | että õõ painõnnu | 
| 3rd plural | painõta | eväd painõ | 3rd plural | õlla painõttu | eväd õõ painõttu | 
| impersonal | painõta | eväd painõ | impersonal | õlla painõttu | eväd õõ painõttu | 
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | painin | en painõnnu | 1st singular | õlin painõnnu | — | 
| 2nd singular | painid | ed painõnnu | 2nd singular | õlid painõnnu | — | 
| 3rd singular | paini | eb painõnnu | 3rd singular | õli painõnnu | — | 
| 1st plural | painimmõ | emmä painõnnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ painõnnu | — | 
| 2nd plural | painittõ | että painõnnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ painõnnu | — | 
| 3rd plural | painõtti | eväd painõttu | 3rd plural | õlti painõttu | — | 
| impersonal | painõtti | eväd painõttu | impersonal | õlti painõttu | — | 
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | painaizin | en painaizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin painõnnu | en õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 2nd singular | painaizid | ed painaizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid painõnnu | ed õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 3rd singular | painaizʹ | eb painaizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ painõnnu | eb õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 1st plural | painaizimmõ | emmä painaizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ painõnnu | emmä õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 2nd plural | painaizittõ | että painaizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ painõnnu | että õllõizʹ painõnnu | 
| 3rd plural | painõttaizʹ | eväd painõttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ painõttu | eväd õltaizʹ painõttu | 
| impersonal | painõttaizʹ | eväd painõttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ painõttu | eväd õltaizʹ painõttu | 
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | painõ | elä painõ | |||
| 3rd singular | painõgo | elko painõgo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | painaga | elka painaga | |||
| 3rd plural | painõgod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | paina | present | painõjõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | painõma | past | painõnnu | painõttu | 
| inessive | painõmõz | ||||
| elative | painõmassõ | ||||
| abessive | painõmattõ | ||||
References
    
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “painaa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn
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