pulma

Esperanto

Adjective

pulma (accusative singular pulman, plural pulmaj, accusative plural pulmajn)

  1. pulmonic, pulmonary (pertaining or relative to the lungs)

Estonian

Noun

pulma

  1. genitive singular of pulm
  2. partitive singular of pulm
  3. illative singular of pulm

Finnish

Etymology

Unknown origin. Probably cognate with Ingrian pulmalliin (“difficult”). The nature of a relationship with Estonian pulm (plural pulmad), Ingrian pulmat and Votic pulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible.[1] Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship to pula (“shortage, crisis”) may be possible.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈpulmɑ/, [ˈpulmɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ulmɑ
  • Syllabification(key): pul‧ma

Noun

pulma

  1. trouble, problem
  2. dilemma, conundrum (difficult choice or decision that must be made)
  3. puzzle, riddle, brain-teaser, conundrum (difficult question or riddle)

Declension
Inflection of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative pulma pulmat
genitive pulman pulmien
partitive pulmaa pulmia
illative pulmaan pulmiin
singular plural
nominative pulma pulmat
accusative nom. pulma pulmat
gen. pulman
genitive pulman pulmien
pulmainrare
partitive pulmaa pulmia
inessive pulmassa pulmissa
elative pulmasta pulmista
illative pulmaan pulmiin
adessive pulmalla pulmilla
ablative pulmalta pulmilta
allative pulmalle pulmille
essive pulmana pulmina
translative pulmaksi pulmiksi
instructive — pulmin
abessive pulmatta pulmitta
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of pulma (type koira)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmani pulmani
accusative nom. pulmani pulmani
gen. pulmani
genitive pulmani pulmieni
pulmainirare
partitive pulmaani pulmiani
inessive pulmassani pulmissani
elative pulmastani pulmistani
illative pulmaani pulmiini
adessive pulmallani pulmillani
ablative pulmaltani pulmiltani
allative pulmalleni pulmilleni
essive pulmanani pulminani
translative pulmakseni pulmikseni
instructive — —
abessive pulmattani pulmittani
comitative — pulmineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmasi pulmasi
accusative nom. pulmasi pulmasi
gen. pulmasi
genitive pulmasi pulmiesi
pulmaisirare
partitive pulmaasi pulmiasi
inessive pulmassasi pulmissasi
elative pulmastasi pulmistasi
illative pulmaasi pulmiisi
adessive pulmallasi pulmillasi
ablative pulmaltasi pulmiltasi
allative pulmallesi pulmillesi
essive pulmanasi pulminasi
translative pulmaksesi pulmiksesi
instructive — —
abessive pulmattasi pulmittasi
comitative — pulminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmamme pulmamme
accusative nom. pulmamme pulmamme
gen. pulmamme
genitive pulmamme pulmiemme
pulmaimmerare
partitive pulmaamme pulmiamme
inessive pulmassamme pulmissamme
elative pulmastamme pulmistamme
illative pulmaamme pulmiimme
adessive pulmallamme pulmillamme
ablative pulmaltamme pulmiltamme
allative pulmallemme pulmillemme
essive pulmanamme pulminamme
translative pulmaksemme pulmiksemme
instructive — —
abessive pulmattamme pulmittamme
comitative — pulminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmanne pulmanne
accusative nom. pulmanne pulmanne
gen. pulmanne
genitive pulmanne pulmienne
pulmainnerare
partitive pulmaanne pulmianne
inessive pulmassanne pulmissanne
elative pulmastanne pulmistanne
illative pulmaanne pulmiinne
adessive pulmallanne pulmillanne
ablative pulmaltanne pulmiltanne
allative pulmallenne pulmillenne
essive pulmananne pulminanne
translative pulmaksenne pulmiksenne
instructive — —
abessive pulmattanne pulmittanne
comitative — pulminenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative pulmansa pulmansa
accusative nom. pulmansa pulmansa
gen. pulmansa
genitive pulmansa pulmiensa
pulmainsarare
partitive pulmaansa pulmiaan
pulmiansa
inessive pulmassaan
pulmassansa		 pulmissaan
pulmissansa
elative pulmastaan
pulmastansa		 pulmistaan
pulmistansa
illative pulmaansa pulmiinsa
adessive pulmallaan
pulmallansa		 pulmillaan
pulmillansa
ablative pulmaltaan
pulmaltansa		 pulmiltaan
pulmiltansa
allative pulmalleen
pulmallensa		 pulmilleen
pulmillensa
essive pulmanaan
pulmanansa		 pulminaan
pulminansa
translative pulmakseen
pulmaksensa		 pulmikseen
pulmiksensa
instructive — —
abessive pulmattaan
pulmattansa		 pulmittaan
pulmittansa
comitative — pulmineen
pulminensa

Derived terms

References
  1. Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Anagrams
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