sĩ

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 士. One of the 四民 (“four peoples”), classes of civilians in feudal East Asia. In Japan, the term may be specifically used of samurai.

Pronunciation

Noun

sĩ • (士, 仕)

  1. (archaic) a learned person, especially someone from the respected intelligentsia
    Holonym: tứ dân
    Coordinate terms: công (“artisans/craftsmen”), nông (“peasants/farmers”), thương (“merchants”)
    sĩ nông công thương ― the intelligentsia, the peasants, the craftsmen and the merchants
    tướng sĩ ― military and administrative officials
    • 15th century, Nguyễn Trãi, “言志 Ngôn chí 14”, in Quốc âm thi tập (國音詩集):
      絲毫庄固填恩主
      𠰺廊溋𠇍士儒
      Tơ hào chẳng có đền ơn chúa.
      Dạy láng giềng mấy sĩ nho.
      I have not the slightest of things to repay my lord's graces;
      I'm teaching my neighbors, a few intellectuals and scholars.
    • 1759, Lê Quý Đôn, Đại Việt thông sử (Thorough Historical Records of Great Việt); 1973, Vietnamese translation by Lê Mạnh Liêu
      Bởi vậy ngài bèn đại hội tướng sĩ, bàn tính việc khởi binh.
      Therefore, he held a great meeting with the generals and officers, to discuss raising armies.
    • Chỉ nam ngọc âm giải nghĩa (Precious manual explicating [important terms]) 28b
      士(Sĩ)固(có)才(tài)䝨(hiền)埃(ai)庄(chẳng)別(biết)名(danh).
      The literati possess worthy talents; who is not aware of their reputations?
    • 14th century, Luo Guanzhong, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ch. 57; 1909 Vietnamese translation by Phan Kế Bính
      Nghe tiếng ngài yêu người hiền, trọng kẻ sĩ, nên tôi cũng đến yết kiến.
      I've heard that ye reputedly cherish virtuosi and respect literati, so I'm also come for an audience.
  2. (xiangqi) an advisor, a piece labeled with the characters 士 (shì, black) and 仕 (sĩ, red)

See also

Derived terms

Adjective

sĩ

  1. (archaic) intelligent; wise; well educated

Verb

sĩ

  1. (colloquial) Short for sĩ diện (“to be egoistic, to be snobbish”).
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