spr

See also: SPR

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare Arabic سَفَر‎ (safar)

Pronunciation

Verb
spr
r		 D54

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to arrive (+ r: to arrive at, to get to (some place), to reach (someone))
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 173–174:
      spr
      r      		 D54n
      n      		 Z2
      r      		 Xnn
      nw      		 WprHrZ1N12
      sbA      		 d
      ra Z1 Z1      		 miiD&d t
      n
      f      		 nb
      t
      spr.n.n r ẖnw ḥr ꜣbd snwj mj ḏdt.n.f nbt
      We arrived home in two months like everything he had said.
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22:
      ir
      Dw      		 twr
      Sd
      d      		 xrwwwd
      Z9
      D40      		 q
      n
      nDs      		 z
      p zp
      f      		 spr
      r
      D54      		 r
      f
      jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f
      Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.
  2. (transitive) to reach, to get to (some place)

Inflection
Conjugation of spr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spr, geminated stem: sprr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
spr
 sprw, spr
 sprt
 spr
 spr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
spr
 ḥr spr
 m spr
 r spr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect spr.n
 sprw, spr
 consecutive spr.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sprt
perfective3 spr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 spr.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective spr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 spr
 sprr
 potentialis1 spr.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive spr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect spr.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective spr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 spr
 spr, sprw5, spry5
imperfective spr, spry, sprw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 spr, sprj6, spry6
 spr, sprw5
prospective spr, sprtj7
 — sprtj4, sprt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr  
sp
r		 spr
sp
r
z
p
r		 spr
D54
spr spr spr
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [since the Middle Kingdom]

Derived terms

Verb
spr
r		 A2

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to petition, to appeal (+ n: to; + ḥr: against or about (something))

Inflection
Conjugation of spr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spr, geminated stem: sprr
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
spr
 sprw, spr
 sprt
 spr
 spr
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
spr
 ḥr spr
 m spr
 r spr
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect spr.n
 consecutive spr.jn
terminative sprt
perfective3 spr
 obligative1 spr.ḫr
imperfective spr
prospective3 spr
 potentialis1 spr.kꜣ
subjunctive spr
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect spr.n
 — —
perfective spr
 spr
 spr, sprw5, spry5
imperfective spr, spry, sprw5
 spr, sprj6, spry6
 spr, sprw5
prospective spr, sprtj7
 sprtj4, sprt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr  
sp
r		 sprA2
spr
r
D54
spr spr
rare

Derived terms

Noun
sp
r		 spr

 m

  1. rib of a human or animal
  2. ribs as food

Inflection
Declension of spr (masculine)
singular spr
dual sprwj
plural sprw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spr  
spr
Z1 F51
spr
[18th-20th Dynasty]

Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲫⲓⲣ (sphir)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲡⲓⲣ (spir)

References
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