sundima
See also: sündima
Estonian
Etymology
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Borrowed from Proto-Slavic *sǫditi (“to judge”), from both *sǫdì (“a judge”), from Proto-Indo-European *som-dʰh₁-ih₂, from *som- + *dʰeh₁- (“to do, put, place”) + *-ih₂, from *-h₂ (“creates collective nouns”), and from Proto-Indo-European *-iti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti, from *-yeti (“creates transitive imperfective verbs from roots”).
Verb
sundima (da-infinitive sundida)
- (transitive) to force (to compel someone or something to do something)
- sundisin end ärkama
- I forced myself to wake up
- (transitive) to force (to drive something by force; to cause something to occur)
- vigastus sundis Barutot võistlust katkestama
- the injury forced Baruto to retire from the race
- hirm sundis tegutsema
- fear forced action
Conjugation
Inflection of sundima (ÕS type 28/õppima, nd-nn gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | sunnin | ei sunni | 1st sing. | olen sundinud | ei ole sundinud pole sundinud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | sunnid | 2nd sing. | oled sundinud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | sunnib | 3rd sing. | on sundinud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | sunnime | 1st plur. | oleme sundinud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | sunnite | 2nd plur. | olete sundinud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | sunnivad | 3rd plur. | on sundinud | ||||||
| passive | sunnitakse | ei sunnita | passive | on sunnitud | ei ole sunnitud pole sunnitud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | sundisin | ei sundinud | 1st sing. | olin sundinud | ei olnud sundinud polnud sundinud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | sundisid | 2nd sing. | olid sundinud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | sundis | 3rd sing. | oli sundinud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | sundisime | 1st plur. | olime sundinud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | sundisite | 2nd plur. | olite sundinud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | sundisid | 3rd plur. | oli sundinud | ||||||
| passive | sunniti | ei sunnitud | passive | oli sunnitud | ei olnud sunnitud polnud sunnitud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | sunniksin | ei sunniks | 1st sing. | sundinuksin oleksin sundinud |
ei oleks sundinud poleks sundinud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | sunniksid | 2nd sing. | sundinuksid oleksid sundinud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | sunniks | 3rd sing. | sundinuks oleks sundinud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | sunniksime | 1st plur. | sundinuksime oleksime sundinud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | sunniksite | 2nd plur. | sundinuksite oleksite sundinud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | sunniksid | 3rd plur. | sundinuksid oleksid sundinud | ||||||
| passive | sunnitaks | ei sunnitaks | passive | sunnituks oleks sunnitud |
ei oleks sunnitud poleks sunnitud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | sunni | ära sunni | 2nd sing. | ole sundinud | ära ole sundinud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | sundigu | ärgu sundigu | 3rd sing. | olgu sundinud | ärgu olgu sundinud | ||||
| 1st plur. | sundigem | ärme sunnime ärme sunni ärgem sundigem |
1st plur. | olgem sundinud | ärme oleme sundinud ärme ole sundinud ärgem olgem sundinud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | sundige | ärge sundige | 2nd plur. | olge sundinud | ärge olge sundinud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | sundigu | ärgu sundigu | 3rd plur. | olgu sundinud | ärgu olgu sundinud | ||||
| passive | sunnitagu | ärgu sunnitagu | passive | olgu sunnitud | ärgu olgu sunnitud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | sundivat | ei sundivat | active | olevat sundinud | ei olevat sundinud polevat sundinud | ||||
| passive | sunnitavat | ei sunnitavat | passive | olevat sunnitud | ei olevat sunnitud polevat sunnitud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | sundima | sunnitama | nominative | sundida | olla sundinud | ||||
| inessive | sundimas | — | inessive | sundides | olles sundinud | ||||
| elative | sundimast | — | participle | active | passive | ||||
| translative | sundimaks | — | present | sundiv | sunnitav | ||||
| abessive | sundimata | — | past | sundinud | sunnitud | ||||
Derived terms
- peale sundima
- rahule sundima
- sundimata viga
- taga sundima
- tagant sundima
- takka sundima
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